Comparison of Dubowitz scoring versus Ballard scoring for assessment of fetal maturation of newly born infants setting

Background: Different scoring systems based on neurological and physical examination are used in the neonatal units for assessment of gestational age. Assessment of gestational age is very much helpful in labelling the newborn to be preterm, term or post – term and to assess the further outcome of the newborn infants. Present study was performed to test the accuracy and reliability of the Ballard scoring system as compared to Dubowitz scoring system on 250 newborn infants and their correlation with the gestational age as calculated from first day of mother’s last menstrual period. In infants of 38 weeks onwards correlation of gestational age was done with the extension of plantar creases over sole.Methods: Infants studied were selected from infants born in Muzaffarnagar Medical College and Hospital Muzaffarnagar and those infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit. First of all methods of eliciting different criteria were experienced by examining several newborn infants and then Dubowitz and Ballard scoring system were performed separately and gestational age assessed. crease was measured, using metallic scale from base of great toe after stretching the sole.Results: Gestational ages estimated by Ballard scoring system and Dubowitz system strongly correlated with the gestational ages computed from the date of mother’s last menstrual period. The coefficient of correlation calculated between Ballard and Dubowitz scoring system showed perfect positive correlation on the regression line.  Association of gestational age with the length of sole crease was also very significant.Conclusions: The clinical test of maturation described by Ballard et al and which is evaluated in the present study, takes a balanced look at physical and neurological maturation and included those items found to be most useful regardless of the presence or absence of diseased state.

Useful resource parameter for Traffic prediction over GSM

The prediction of the voice traffic and their correct version is a assignment for telecom provider. it's miles important for the fine & provider evaluation of cell network. The take a look at on this paper subject predicting the voice traffic (Erlang) of cellular network at busy hour ( five to 7 pm) of an afternoon that is nonlinear & dynamic. This voice visitor also depends on many different non-linear &dynamic parameter which high-quality expect for voice site visitors. The information is collected from nice & service record (QOS) of telecom provider. Correlation evaluation is used to pick proper input variables from QOS document. Feed forward again propagation algorithm is proposed to make visitors prediction at busy hours on every day basis

Suspecting the unsuspected in a large adnexal mass in a postmenopausal woman

Adnexal mass in postmenopausal woman is a diagnostic challenge. Due to the age, concern for malignancy is always there. At times however, despite the usual investigations, diagnosis remains elusive till histopathology report is at hand. To add to the enigma, ovarian masses in postmenopausal woman may remain silent till quite large and even among those which are symptomatic a predictable presentation may not be there. A careful clinical examination with a high degree of suspicion of clinical variants is thus recommended while dealing with ovarian tumors in postmenopausal women.

Isoniazid resistance among rifampicin-susceptible Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from tuberculosis patients

AbstractObjective/BackgroundWith the introduction of novel molecular techniques that rely on rifampicin (RIF) susceptibility, resistance to isoniazid (INH) or other first-line drugs remains undetected. Such patients are prescribed first-line antituberculosis therapy and are on RIF monodrug therapy during the continuation phase, which may lead to therapeutic failure and emergence of multidrug resistance. We aimed to study INH resistance among RIF-susceptible Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) isolates from retreatment patients.MethodsThe Drug Susceptibility Testing data for four first-line drugs (streptomycin [SM], INH, RIF, and ethambutol [EMB]) using BACTEC MGIT 960 (Becton Dickinson, Franklin 124 Lakes, NJ ,USA) and for two drugs (INH and RIF) using line probe assay was analyzed retrospectively at the Department of Microbiology, National Institute of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases (New Delhi, India).ResultsWe analyzed 4910 drug susceptibility results performed using the BACTEC MGIT960 liquid culture system from 2009 to 2015. We found that 969 (19.7%) isolates were sensitive to all four first-line drugs, 3941 (80.3%) isolates were resistant to one or more drugs, and 3041 (61.9%) isolates were resistant to both RIF and INH with or without resistance to any other drug (multidrug resistant). Monodrug resistance to SM and EMB was observed in 94 (1.9%) and 8 (0.16%) isolates, respectively. RIF resistance without INH resistance was observed in 22 (0.44%) isolates. There were 776 isolates sensitive to RIF, but resistant to INH. Among these, INH resistance with EMB and/or SM was observed in 367 (7.47%) isolates, whereas 409 (8.3%) isolates were resistant to INH alone. The results of line probe assay from 2012 to 2015 were also analyzed, and the resistance to INH alone among all isolates with valid results was found to be 9.32% (1462/15,676). More than 75% of these isolates harbor mutations in the kat G gene associated with high-level resistance.ConclusionINH resistance among RIF-susceptible isolates was present in 10–15% of the total cases. Among these cases, the use of RIF susceptibility alone will fail to detect INH resistance. Since higher rates of failure, relapse, or acquired resistance are linked with INH resistance, rollout of techniques focusing on RIF resistance must, therefore, be accompanied by strict monitoring for better management of patients

Microscopy as a diagnostic tool in pulmonary tuberculosis

Tuberculosis continues to cast a huge impact on humanity with its high incidence and mortality, especially in developing countries. For tuberculosis case detection, microscopy continues to be indispensible, given its low cost, rapidity, simplicity of procedure and high specificity. Modifications have attempted to improve the sensitivity of microscopy which include: concentration methods such as centrifugation, N-acetyl cysteine–sodium hydroxide, bleach, ammonium sulfate or chitin. Furthermore, classical Ziehl–Neelsen (ZN) staining has been subjected to varying carbol fuchsin concentrations or replaced by Kinyoun staining, fluorescent microscopy or immune-fluorescence. Currently, light emitting diode fluorescence is recognizably the most plausible method as an alternative to ZN staining

A selective synthesis for novel pyranodipyrimidines

1159-1163An environmentally benign approach to the selective synthesis of novel compounds 5,8-diaryl-5,7-dihydro-1H-pyrano[2,3-d:6,5-d']dipyrimidine-2,4,6-triones under microwave irradiation (MWI) using inorganic solid supports is described. The reaction time decreases from hours to minutes along with yield enhancement. In addition, catalytic role of various inorganic supports is studied, and acidic alumina is found to be the best in terms of selectivity

The Automatic Starter for the Starting of the Dc Motor

The objective of our paperis to use the automated starter for the beginning of the dc motor. Commonly three-point or 4-factor starters are used for starting of dc vehicles. In our venture, the tool based totally on the triggering of the thyristors is used. This reduces the mechanical pressure at the motor and as a result will increase the lifestyles of the motor. On the time of beginning, the value of armature modern may be very high and in an effort to restrict the high starting modern a resistor is connected in among the supply and dc motor. Resistor is divided in numerous elements and throughout each part thyristors are linked parallel to it. When dc deliver is hooked up to motor, due to presence of resistor in among deliver and motor, motor will get less voltage and contemporary than the rated voltage and rated modern. So, at start motor will begin slowly. as a way to cut out the resistors thyristors must be fired after specific intervals

Animal bite injuries in pediatric population: a systematic review

Objectives: To assess the scientific literature pertaining the risk factors for injuries among victims of animal bite injuries. Data and sources: A systematic review of scientific literature published until May 2020 was carried out in the following databases: PubMed, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar and Journals@ovid. Study selection: A total of 924 records were found, of which 29 articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. There was a male preponderance in most of the studies with male/female ratio ranging from 0.75:1 to 2.1:1. The age range varies from 0 to 19 years with the mean age varying from 3.6 to 8 years. Pitbulls, Rottweiler's, German shepherds, Bull terriers, Labradors and Dobermans were breeds with higher risk of attack. The animals were familiar to the victim (own, friends, neighbors) in 27–98% instances. Most cases of animal bite injuries were recorded during Summer and Spring months. Head and neck followed by extremities was found to be most inflicted area. Conclusions: The sociodemographic characteristics of victim as well as the biting animal affect the circumstances leading to biting episode. However, the results should be interpreted with caution due to the high heterogeneity among studies and moderate quality evidence

A Randomized controlled trial to compare effectiveness and side-effects of Brinzolamide and Dorzolamide among patients with high intra-ocular pressure

Primary open angle glaucoma [POAG] is a chronic, progressive optic neuropathy in adults in which intraocular pressure (IOP) and other currently unknown factors contribute to damage of optic nerve. Reduction of elevated intraocular pressure is the only as yet proven approach to protect against visual field loss in patients with primary open angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. First line therapy for elevated IOP is typically is a single topical agent like dorzolamid and brinzol amide. Aim: to compare effectiveness of dorzolamide and brinzolamide in lowering IOP. Methodology: This was a randomized controlled trial conducted at the Department of Ophthalmology, Jawahar Lal Nehru hospital, Ajmer, Rajasthan during the period from April 2017 to April 2018. A total of 52 patients (104 eyes) were initially enrolled in the study. Results: Topical brinzolamide 1% is found to be better than dorzolamide 2% as monotherapy for POAG and ocular hypertension as initial drug due to lower side effect and equal efficacy. Conclusion : The results of this study also indicate that both brinzolamide bid and dorzolamide t.i.d produced a clinically significant and equivalent lowering IOP in a large percentage of patients