Human proteomic profiles in latent and active tuberculosis

Distinguishing patients with active tuberculosis (TB) from those with latent TB is an important clinical problem. The SELDI-TOF MS (Surface Enhanced Laser Desorption Ionisation – Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry) platform allows for high throughput detection of multiple proteins in biological fluids. Proteomic patterns reflecting host-pathogen interaction can be used as a tool to aid our understanding of the Natural History of Tuberculosis. Methods: Plasma samples were collected prospectively in a shanty town in Lima, Peru. Latent and active TB status was defined using the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), Quantiferon (QFN) assay and TB culture. Crude plasma and fractionated plasma samples were analysed on weak cationic CM10 chip surfaces using a Biomek 3000 Laboratory Automation Workstation. Spectra were generated using a ProteinChip System 4000 Mass spectrometer. Data was analysed using a Support Vector Machine. Results: Samples were collected from 154 patients with active TB, 112 patients with respiratory symptoms suggestive of TB and 151 healthy controls. Multiple peaks differed significantly between active TB patients and unhealthy controls. Trained optimal classifiers discriminate between: i) active TB and unhealthy controls with 84% accuracy (87% sensitivity, 79% specificity) in crude plasma and up to 89% accuracy (90% sensitivity, 88% specificity) in fractionated plasma ii) active TB and latent TB with 89% accuracy (90% sensitivity, 89% specificity) iii) latent TB and no TB in healthy controls with 77% accuracy (67% sensitivity, 84% specificity). Conclusions: SELDI-TOF MS proteomic profiles in combination with trained optimal classifiers accurately discriminate active TB from other respiratory disorders. The classifier for latent TB was not as accurate, but active TB could be discriminated from latent TB

Production potential and economics of wheat, Triticum aestivum as influenced by different planting methods in Punjab, India

The burning of rice straw after rice harvest in the Rice-Wheat System can be overcome by direct seeding of wheat by in standing and loose rice straw. To find out the most appropriate method of wheat sowing after rice crop in Sri Muktsar Sahib district, a field experiment was conducted with five different sowing methods including zero tillage and happy seeder. Among the different planting methods maximum grain yield was obtained with the conventional (52.26 q/ha) and happy seeder without loose straw (51.93 q/ha) planting method as compared to happy seeder with loose straw (50.83 q/ha), zero tillage (49.80 q/ha) and conventional method with mulching (49.66 q/ha). However, the benefit-cost ratio was higher by happy seeder with (2.38:1) and without loose straw (2.35:1) as compared to zero tillage method (2.31:1) and conventional (2.14:1). Higher B:C ratio with happy seeder was also due to its lesser cost of cultivation as compared to conventional method of sowing. The higher net return obtained from happy seeder with and without loose straw Rs. 50104 and Rs. 51019/ha respectively as compared zero tillage method (Rs 48663/ha) and conventional tillage method (Rs. 49856/ha). Although the grain yield under conventional method of sowing was higher but it failed to produce higher net return and B:C ratio. Happy Seeder technology is a time savings, good option against burning of rice residue in Punjab

Analysis and design of an elevated reinforced concrete water tank of the Intze type

Call number: LD2668 .R4 1966 S21

Some effects of pre-emergence herbicides on asparagus growth, weed growth, and residual effects on oat and soybean plants

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1965 S217Master of Scienc

A STUDY OF YO-YO INTERMITTENT RECOVERY TEST LEVEL 1 (YYIRTL1) BETWEEN INDIAN AND BANGLADESH WOMEN CRICKETERS

The Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery (IR) Test is currently used to assess endurance performance in women cricketers. The purpose of present study was to assess the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1 (YYIRTL1) between Punjab women cricketers, India and Dhaka women cricketers, Bangladesh. The present study was conducted on 30 women Cricketers. Keeping in view the objectives, the players were categorized into two groups: Punjab women cricketers, India (N1=15) and Dhaka women cricketers, Bangladesh (N2=15). The age of subjects ranged between 18 to 25 years. The difference in the mean of each group for selected variable was tested by “t” test. The level of significance was set at 0.05. It is concluded from the above findings that significant differences were found among Punjab women cricketers, India and Dhaka women cricketers, Bangladesh for Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1(YYIRTL1). The result indicated that the difference between Punjab women cricketers, India and Dhaka women cricketers, Bangladesh for Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1 are significant.  Article visualizations

Synthesis and characterization of microspheres for controlled release

Synthetic hydroxyapatite (HAp, (Ca₁₀(PO₄)₆(OH)₂) has always been of interest in medical applications because of its similarities to inorganic bone matrix. It has been used in biomedical applications for bone repair and substitution due to its biocompatibility. However, there are some differences in the stoichiometry, composition, and mechanical properties of human bone as compared to pure HAP. HAp particles have been successfully used as drug delivery carriers which deliver the drug to the affected part of the body and the remaining apatite gets degraded by the physiological processes in the body. In the present work, emphasis was on developing mechanically stronger HAp microspheres. Calcium lithium borate glass microspheres with 40 wt% calcium were reacted with phosphate (K₂HPO₄) buffered solutions under varying conditions of composition of glass, time, concentration, and pH to yield solid but porous HAp microspheres. DOE approach was used to analyze the effect of processing parameters on the reaction rate. The starting glass microspheres had diameters ranging from 150 to 355 µm and the reacted microspheres retained their shape and size. The microstructures of the reacted microspheres were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Chemical characterization of the reacted microspheres was also performed by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), and Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) studies. The as-reacted HAp microspheres were heat-treated at various temperatures which resulted in volume shrinkage of the microspheres and attributed to reduction in the porosity. Mechanical strength of as-reacted microspheres and heat-treated microspheres was tested by compressive load on an Instron Testing machine. The as-reacted microspheres had higher strength than as-reacted hollow HAp microspheres --Abstract, page iii

INVESTIGATION OF SELECTED MOTOR FITNESS COMPONENTS BETWEEN BATSMEN AND BOWLER IN CRICKET: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY

The aim of this assessment is to discover the significant differences of motor fitness components between batsmen and bowler. A group of thirty (N=30) male subjects aged between 18-28 years were chosen for this appraisal from Guru Nanak Dev university, Amritsar (Punjab), India. The purposive sampling technique was utilized to accomplish the objectives of the appraisal. Every one of the subjects, in the wake of having been educated about objective and protocol of the study, gave their agreement and volunteered to take an interest in this appraisal. They were further partitioned into two group of 15 each (i.e., N1=15; batsmen and N2=15; bowler). Student’s t-test for independent data was utilized to evaluate the between- group differences. The level of p≤0.05 was considered significant. Investigation of data uncovered that there were insignificant differences of speed (p = 0.20), strength (p = 0.096) agility (p = 0.06) and Cardiovascular Endurance (p = 0.21) amongst Batsmen and Bowler, the calculated value of t for all the variables i.e., speed (t=1.30), strength (1.72), agility (1.94) and Cardiovascular Endurance (1.41 is smaller than the tabulated value of t (=2.048) for 28 degree of freedom. In this way, it might be presumed that the group difference between Batsmen and Bowler with respect to speed, strength, agility and endurance observed to be statistically insignificant. Whereas significant differences of static Balance (p = 0.019) between Batsmen and Bowler, since the calculated value of t for static Balance (t=2.50) is higher than the tabulated value of t (=2.048) for 28 degree of freedom. In this manner it might be inferred that the group difference between Batsmen and Bowler in regards to speed, strength, agility and Cardiovascular Endurance observed to be statistically insignificant. Whereas significant differences of static Balance found.  Article visualizations

AN INVESTIGATIONAL STUDY ON EFFECT OF 12-WEEK YOGIC PRACTICES ON HEMATOLOGICAL VARIABLES OF WOMEN

The purpose of present study was to assess the effect of 12-week yogic practices on hematological variables of women cricketers. The present study was conducted on 120 women Cricketers of Northern region of India. Keeping in view the objectives, the players were categorized into two main groups: Group A: Experimental group (N1=60) and Group B: Control group (N2=60). The age of subjects ranged between 18 to 25 years. The purposive sampling technique was used to attain the objectives of the study. All the subjects, after having been informed about the objective and protocol of the study, gave their consent and volunteered to participate in this study. The difference in the mean of each group for selected variable was tested by “t” test. The level of significance was set at 0.05. Analysis of data revealed that with regard to Hemoglobin the “t” -value in case of experimental group was 0.3811 and for Control group it was 0.2363 was found statistically insignificant. It is evident that women cricketers with regards Total Cholesterol the “t”-value in case of experimental group was 0.8162 and for control group it was 0.4924 was found statistically insignificant.  Article visualizations