Shallow Deep Transitions of Neutral and Charged Donor States in Semiconductor Quantum Dots

We carry out a detailed investigation of neutral ($D^0$) and charged ($D^-$) impurity states of hydrogen-like donors in spherical semiconductor quantum dots. The investigation is carried out within the effective mass theory (EMT). We take recourse to local density approximation (LDA) and the Harbola-Sahni (HS) schemes for treating many-body effects. We experiment with a variety of confining potentials: square, harmonic and triangular. We observe that the donor level undergoes shallow to deep transition as the dot radius ($R$) is reduced. On further reduction of the dot radius it becomes shallow again. We term this non-monotonic behaviour \textbf{SHADES}. This suggests the possibility of carrier {\textbf{\textit{``freeze out''}}} for both $D^0$ and $D^-$. Further, our study of the optical gaps also reveals a {\textbf{SHADES}} transition.Comment: 19 pages, 8 figures, Revised Versio

Small Farm Goat Production in Semi-Arid Region of Uttar Pradesh

Majority of selected goat farmers were landless and marginal (69%) with an annual average income of Rs.I9200.00. However, average income of small and medium goat farmers were about Rs.25500.00.Ownership pattern of goats revealed that about 78% goats were owned by the landless and marginal farmers. Majority of the farmers had Barbari/Barbari type goats (54%) followed by non-descript (43%) and Sirohi type goats (3%). Furthermore, 69 per cent goat houses were of Kaccha type and 49 per cent of selected respondent availed private veterinary services for their goats however, 40 percent of the goat farmers used home remedies. Merely, 11 per cent of the respondents visited government veterinary hospitals Though, poor socio-economic status cannot be ignore for the goat improvement in study village, some policy support is imperative to encourage goat farmers for their overall development

Encyclopedia of Snow, Ice and Glaciers

The objective of this encyclopedia is to present the current state of scientific understanding of various aspects of earth’s cryosphere – snow, glaciers, ice caps, ice sheets, ice shelves, sea ice, river and lake ice, and permafrost – and their related interdisciplinary connections under one umbrella. Therefore, every effort has been made to provide a comprehensive coverage of cryosphere by including a broad array of topics, such as the atmospheric processes responsible for snow formation; snowfall observations; snow cover and snow surveys; transformation of snow to ice and changes in their properties; classification of ice and glaciers and their worldwide distribution; glaciation and ice ages; glacier dynamics; glacier surface and subsurface characteristics; geomorphic processes and landscape formation; hydrology and sedimentary systems; hydrochemical and isotopic properties; permafrost modeling; hazards caused by cryospheric changes; trends of glacier retreat on a global scale along with the impact of climate change; and many more quantitative estimates of various glacier parameters, such as degree-day, mass balance, extent and volume, and downwasting. Also included are articles on GPS application, and satellite image application in glaciology; GPR analysis; and sea level rise

AFFECT OF FATIGUE ON ACTIVATION STRATEGY OF MUSCLES: SEMG STUDY

This research aims to identify the neuromotor changes in muscles associated with fatigue during sprint cycling among 11 recreational cyclists who performed the WAT of 30s. The paper reports experiments conducted where changes in muscle recruitment strategies were studied using multiple recordings of SEMG of lower limb muscles and load was kept constant It is observed that near the end of such an exercise, there is a delay in activation / deactivation of the muscles. This causes the agonist muscles to do negative work during the upward part of the pedal cycle and reduces efficiency. It is suggested that if cyclists activated their muscles for shorter durations after they were fatigued, they may increase their output and reduce the stress on their muscles

Effect of moisture content on physio-mechanical properties of coriander seeds (Coriandrum sativum)

Study to determine physical and mechanical properties of seeds at different moisture content is necessary for the design of equipment to handle, process, transport, and store the same.  The physical properties of coriander seeds have been evaluated as a function of seed moisture content, varying from 8% to 16% (w.b.). In the moisture 11.2%, seeds major, minor and medium dimensions were 5.062, 3.27, and 3.404 mm respectively. Sphericity of the seeds was found to be 0.757 with a surface area of 46.167 mm2.  One thousand seed weight increased linearly from 8.89 to 9.826 g when the moisture content increases from 8.5 to 15.89% (w.b.).  The true density of coriander seeds decreased when the moisture content increased 8.73 to 12%, from this point, true density increased with increasing moisture content while the bulk density of coriander seeds varied initially from 260 to 245.5 kg m-3 in 8 to 15% MC (w.b.).  As the moisture content of seeds increased the bulk density decreased.  Also, the porosity started at 24.284% and reduced nonlinearly to 22.88% at 11.50% seed moisture content then increased nonlinearly up to 27.466% at 16.67% seed moisture content.  Static coefficient of friction was observed lowest for stainless steel sheet and maximum for galvanized iron sheet.  The angle of repose increased linearly from 25.5° to 30.1° with the increase in moisture content.  Mechanical properties was found to be a function of moisture content, as moisture content of the product increased failure force reduced but failure deformation increased.Keywords: physical properties, mechanical propertie

A Look at 20th Century Droughts

Droughts exercise a profound effect on the social and economic fabric of nations. Many nations of the world experienced droughts encompassing the full spectrum of severity, areal extent and duration. The result has been that the economic development was hampered and many countries have not yet recouped fully from the ravages of droughts. The first decade of the 21st century has also witnessed varying degrees of droughts across the globe. Therefore, we ask the following questions: (a) Do droughts affect every part of the world? (b) Are there similarities in major droughts around the world? (c) Are climate change and global warming impacting drought occurrences? (d) How much impact do droughts have on water resources? (e) What can be said about food security, energy security and water security? (f) What do different Global Climate Models (GCMs) and the IPCC report say about future drought scenarios? (g) How can our understanding of past drought episodes help with planning and managing future water resources

Amiodarone Toxicity: A Case Report

Amiodarone is one of the commonly used drug in arrhythmias. It is first line of treatment for ventricular tachycardia particularly in treatment of supraventicular tachycardia like atrial fibrillation. Amiodarone has a wide range of adverse effects ranging from endocrine to cardiac system. A case of raised thyroid stimulating Hormone (TSH)  with amiodarone was reported in our Adverse drug  monitoring centre (AMC), in which several other adverse events such as raised raised billirubin and hyponatremia were present. Patient was treated with thyroxine while amiodarone along with atorvastatin and metoprolol were withdrawn. We present a case who developed subclinical hypothyroidism, electrolyte imbalance and liver dysfunction with amiodarone therapy

ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS OF ANTI-EPILEPTIC DRUGS IN PEDIATRIC AGE GROUP IN A TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL; A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Objectives: In this cross-sectional study, the aims were to analyze the incidence and pattern of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) of antiepileptic drugs in pediatric patient. Most common adverse effect and most common drug causing adverse effect were evaluated. Methods: Study was conducted over 60 Patients for 6 months in out-patient basis pediatric department in Rajindra Hospital associated with GMC, Patiala, a tertiary care teaching hospital in Punjab. The patient diagnosed by the Pediatrician with epilepsy who fulfilling inclusion and exclusion criteria was enrolled after taking informed consent. ADRs were noted using Pediatric Epilepsy Side Effect Questionnaire at clinic visit and any other adverse effects reported by patients. Results: In this study, a total of 60 children were enrolled. The mean age was 10.26±3.70, median were 11.00. 41 (68.33%) patients were boys and 19 (31.67%) were girls. In Cognitive ADRs with anti-epileptic drugs, there were total 17 ADRs reported. Valproate was causing most cognitive ADRs (32.43%). Among all cognitive ADRs, attention difficulty was the commonest complains. There were no motor and behavioral ADRs reported. Total 27 general neurological ADRs reported, which was highest reported ADRs. Among general neurological, Clobazam was causing highest ADRs (55.56%). 10 patients also reported tremor as another ADR and Clobazam causing most (22.22%). Conclusion: In the present study, boys were developing more epilepsy than girls. Valproate was causing most ADRs. Among all cognitive ADRs, attention difficulty was the most common ADR. General neurological ADRs were highest reported ADRs