Intraosseous Follicular Adenomatoid Odontogenic Tumour—A Case Report

The adenomatoid odontogenic tumour is a relatively uncommon lesion which mainly affects females in their second decade of life. It exhibits a predilection for the anterior region of the maxilla. The lesion is usually associated with the crown of an embedded tooth, most commonly the maxillary canine. In this paper, we present a case of adenomatoid odontogenic tumor affecting the left maxillary region in a 24-year-old female. The authors also discuss clinical, radiographic, histopathologic, and therapeutic features of the case

Isolated Hypoglossal Nerve Palsy due to Infected Impacted Tooth

Case of isolated hypoglossal nerve palsy is an extremely rare condition. There are several causes that can be attributed to it. We present a case where a patient presented herself with swelling on the right side of her cheek extending to the floor of the mouth, with unilateral right hypoglossal nerve palsy. Removal of the impacted tooth resulted in the improvement of function of the hypoglossal nerve. The transient isolated hypoglossal nerve palsy could have been due to the infected impacted tooth. Therefore, the dentist or doctors coming across with isolated hypoglossal nerve palsy should consider the infected impacted tooth as the differential diagnosis

Case Report Isolated Hypoglossal Nerve Palsy due to Infected Impacted Tooth

Case of isolated hypoglossal nerve palsy is an extremely rare condition. There are several causes that can be attributed to it. We present a case where a patient presented herself with swelling on the right side of her cheek extending to the floor of the mouth, with unilateral right hypoglossal nerve palsy. Removal of the impacted tooth resulted in the improvement of function of the hypoglossal nerve. The transient isolated hypoglossal nerve palsy could have been due to the infected impacted tooth. Therefore, the dentist or doctors coming across with isolated hypoglossal nerve palsy should consider the infected impacted tooth as the differential diagnosis

Inflammatory cytokine profile of VEGF and IL-6 from the endometrium of women with and without endometriosis

Background: Endometriosis affects an estimated 176 million women worldwide, which constitutes 10% of the total female population causing debilitating symptoms of pelvic pain and infertility, which limits the quality of reproductive life of affected women. The present study aimed to assess the serum level of VEGF and pro-inflammatory marker IL-6 in cases and normal healthy control groups.Methods: VEGF and IL-6 serum levels were measured by competitive sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) from 34 subjects with surgically confirmed endometriosis, 16 subjects with adenomyosis and 18 similar  age matched healthy controls with no clinical evidence of the disease or detectable endometriotic lesions at the time of surgical examination. Patients were characterized in terms of their socio-demographic and clinically diagnosed characteristics, including the validated infertility and chronic disease registries.Results: The mean serum level of VEGF was significantly (p<0.0001) higher in case of endometriosis (3887 ng/l) followed by adenomyosis (2588 ng/l) group and lower in case of normal healthy control (665 ng/l) group. The mean serum IL-6 was found to be highly significant (p<0.0001) in case of endometriosis (90.49 pg/ml) followed by adenomyosis (70.37 pg/ml) group and lower in case of normal healthy control (22.97 pg/ml) group.Conclusions: VEGF and IL-6 seems to play a crucial role in the implantation and development of endometriotic lesions, and the disease is associated with significant modulations in the serum levels of VEGF. IL-6 can be a reliable non-invasive diagnostic marker for endometriosis

A large Indian family with rearrangement of chromosome 4p16 and 3p26.3 and divergent clinical presentations

BACKGROUND: The deletion of the chromosome 4p16.3 Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome critical region (WHSCR-2) typically results in a characteristic facial appearance, varying intellectual disability, stereotypies and prenatal onset of growth retardation, while gains of the same chromosomal region result in a more variable degree of intellectual deficit and dysmorphism. Similarly the phenotype of individuals with terminal deletions of distal chromosome 3p (3p deletion syndrome) varies from mild to severe intellectual deficit, micro- and trigonocephaly, and a distinct facial appearance.METHODS AND RESULTS: We investigated a large Indian five-generation pedigree with ten affected family members in which chromosomal microarray and fluorescence in situ hybridization analyses disclosed a complex rearrangement involving chromosomal subregions 4p16.1 and 3p26.3 resulting in a 4p16.1 deletion and 3p26.3 microduplication in three individuals, and a 4p16.1 duplication and 3p26.3 microdeletion in seven individuals. A typical clinical presentation of WHS was observed in all three cases with 4p16.1 deletion and 3p26.3 microduplication. Individuals with a 4p16.1 duplication and 3p26.3 microdeletion demonstrated a range of clinical features including typical 3p microdeletion or 4p partial trisomy syndrome to more severe neurodevelopmental delay with distinct dysmorphic features.CONCLUSION: We present the largest pedigree with complex t(4p;3p) chromosomal rearrangements and diverse clinical outcomes including Wolf Hirschorn-, 3p deletion-, and 4p duplication syndrome amongst affected individuals.<br/

Two Cases of Microperforation of the Transverse Vaginal Septum

Primary amenorrhoea with microperforate transverse vaginal septum is a rare entity with varied incidence in different parts of the world. It may be asymptomatic, unlike imperforate hymen. Depending on the size of the microperforation in transverse vaginal septum clinical features may vary similar to those found in imperforate hymen cases. We report two cases of a 25 and 22-year-old women who sought the gynaecologist with complains of primary infertility. They had normal menses with one of them having secondary dysmenorrhea. Physical examination and imaging disclosed microperforation of transverse vaginal septum in the upper part of the vagina at mid point position. Resection of the septum under anesthesia was done. The outcome was favourable and 25 year asymptomatic patient with primary infertility at the present moment have conceived carrying six weeks pregnancy and second patient is in follow up. We conclude that this anomaly may be overlooked, interfering on its incidence determination. The finding of transverse vaginal septum in an asymptomatic infertility patient is highly unusual. Clinicians must be aware of atypical presentations and potential multifactorial etiologies of primary infertility. Ensuring a thorough evaluation is essential in order to mitigate long-term effects of a misdiagnosis

Pheniramine maleate attenuates oleic acid-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome in rats

351-356Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common clinical syndrome of acute lung injury with considerable mortality rate of 26-58%. Oleic acid (OA)-induced lung injury that reproduces the early exudative phase of ARDS is an established experimental model of acute lung injury in animals. In this study, we examined the role of antihistaminic drug pheniramine maleate in reversing the oleic acid-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome compared to methylprednisolone, generally used in the treatment of ARDS. Trachea, jugular vein and carotid artery were cannulated in anesthetized rats. Lethal dose of OA (75 µL) was injected i.v. and respiratory frequency (RF), heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were determined. At the end of experiment, the lungs were excised for estimation of pulmonary water content and the histological examination. OA produced typical manifestations of ARDS as indicated by profound increase in RF, injury to alveolar-capillary barrier, flooding of alveolar spaces with fluid, influx of inflammatory cells and lethality within 60 min. Along with these changes there was progressive decrease in HR and MAP. In pheniramine maleate pretreated animals, OA did not produce immediate increase in RF and after 60 min there was progressive decrease. There was no pulmonary edema and the histology revealed nearly normal lung parenchyma, less exudation and infiltration. HR and MAP were maintained till 75 min followed by decrease. Survival time was prolonged and 50 % of the animals survived up to 120 min. In another group pretreated with methylprednisolone, OA failed to produce severe changes in RF up to 90 min. Pulmonary water content was significantly less in this group and the histological features exhibited less lung injury as compared to OA treated group. The HR and MAP were maintained till 75 min followed by decrease. Mean survival time of these animals was significantly greater (105 min) than only OA treated animals. Present observations reveal that both pheniramine maleate and methylprednisolone ameliorated OA-induced ARDS in rats

Exposure of 4-Nonylphenol: Effect on Physiology and Reproductivity of Male Mice

Introduction: The number and accumulation of hazardous chemicals are increasing gradually in the environment. These chemicals directly or indirectly affect the human health, and now-a-day’s these mostly include Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs). These EDC’s interfere with the normal hormonal signaling, leading to reproductive or physiological imbalance causing different diseases. Studies suggest that in these EDCs, 4-Nonylphenol (4-NP) is most commonly used after industrialisation and it is hazardous for all of us. But the complete or detailed studies regarding its effects on reproduction and physiology, mode of action, pathway followed and other related causative factors are yet to be studied. Aim: To examine the multigenerational effects of environmental EDC 4-NP on reproductive, histological and hormonal fitness of male mice exposed for 21 days. Materials and Methods: Male mice were given oral doses 21.25 and 85.0 mg/kg Body Weight (BW) of 4-NP for 21 days. After 21 days BW, organ weight, sperm viability tests were done to analyse the difference with respect to control group. Further histopathological [via Haematoxylin-Eosin (H&E), Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) stain and Immunohistochemistry (IHC) techniques] and stress parameters (Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and Lipid Peroxidation (LPO)) examinations were done in different organ tissue samples for detailed study. Results: The results showed that in male mice, 4-NP had a significant negative effect on the weight of its body organs. It further has an adverse effect on spermatogenesis and sperm quality with a resultant impact on male mice fertility with hormonal imbalance. Histopathological examination of the liver and testes biopsy samples illustrates that exposure to 4-NP at high doses induces occurrence of anomalies. 4-NP also causes decrease in SOD and increase in LPO, a parameter for increasing toxicity in the organs