Biocomposting of extracted peppermint plant residue (Mentha piperita) using red worm, Eisenia fetida and its effect on the growth of Vigna mungo (Urad)

The study on biocomposting of extracted peppermint plant residue, Mentha piperita using red worms, Eisenia fetida on the growth of Vigna mungo (Urad) showed that the worms transformed 1:3 waste: dung medium into bio-compost one week earlier from 1:1 and two weeks earlier from 3:1 media. Rate of reproduction of worms was recorded 2.5 times faster in 1:3 medium than that of 3:1 and the number of earthworms was counted 2.09 times more in 1:3 waste: dung medium than that of 3:1. It was noticed that the bio-compost transformed from 1:3waste: dung medium when mixed with soil in 1:3 ratio and used as growing medium, showed the maximum shoot length of V. mungo (28.2 cm) and the minimum (24.3 cm) when it was transformed from 3:1 (waste: dung) medium and used in 1:1 ratio of vermicompost and soil. Results were discussed in the light of known data

Evaluation of pelvic organ prolapse by standardized POP Q system for vaginal hysterectomy

Background: Uterovaginal prolapse is a common condition affecting women in reproductive and perimenopausal age groups. Evaluating pelvic organ prolapse in an objective, reproducible, easy to apply method is required for proper management. Aim of the study was preoperative and postoperative evaluation of pelvic organ prolapse by POP Q system in patients undergoing vaginal hysterectomy.Methods: In this observational study, 100 patients having pelvic organ prolapse, (average age 48±12 years), underwent elective vaginal hysterectomy at Lala Lajpat Rai Memorial Medical College Meerut during June 2015 to July 2016. POP Q was done preoperatively and after completion of surgery by the same surgeon.Results: The mean of genital hiatus preoperatively was 6.4 and post operatively it was 3.64 i.e. the genital hiatus was reduced by 2.76. The mean of total vaginal length pre-operatively was 8.07 and post operatively was 7.2. There was only 0.9 cm reduction in the vaginal length. The mean of perineal body pre-operatively was 2.64 and post operatively was 3.64. The points preoperatively were Aa 2.35, Ba 2.61, C 2.57, Ap 2.24, Bp 0.96, D-4.79 and post-operative the value of the points was -2.19, -2.04,-5.57,-2.98,-2.52 respectively and D point absent due to hysterectomy.Conclusions: The post-operative POP Q was analysed and the patients having grade 0 were 63 (optimum anatomical outcome) and patients having grade 1 were 36 (satisfactory anatomical outcome)

Comparing the safety and efficacy of intravenous iron sucrose and intravenous ferric carboxymaltose in treating postpartum anemia

Background: Anaemia is the most common hematological abnormality diagnosed during pregnancy. As per WHO, anaemia during pregnancy is defined as haemoglobin concentration of less than 11 gm% (7.45mmol/L) and haematocrit less than 33%. The objective of this study was to compare the safety and efficacy of intravenous iron sucrose and i.v. ferric carboxymaltose in treating postpartum anemia.Methods: This open label, interventional, prospective study was carried out in 200 postpartum patients with Anemia in the department of obstetrics and gynecology, LLRM Medical College, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India from November 2014 to November 2015. The subjects were randomized in 1:1 ratio of two groups. First approved receiving 500 mg of intravenous iron sucrose divided in three doses on alternate days (200 mg, 200 mg, and 100 mg).  Second receiving 500 mg of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose (Ferium, Emcure Pharmaceuticals).Results: Maximum number of patients of our study belonged to low socioeconomic group, significantly higher number of women achieved Hb >11gm/dl in FCM group.88 women in FCM group achieve Hb rise of 2 gm as compared to only 24 in iron sucrose group, which was highly significant (P value <0.001) mean size of Hb was 2.086 mg for FCM group and 1.766 gm for iron sucrose group, which was also significant. Serum ferritin, which is a marker of iron stores rise much higher 67.6 mg/ml in ferric carboxymaltose group as compared to 47.88 mg/ml for iron sucrose group.Conclusions: Ferric carboxymaltose is an efficient alternative to Iron Sucrose in treating postpartum anemia. It has an added advantage of single dose regime and lower incidence of side effects

Correlation of reduced amniotic fluid index with neonatal outcome

Background: Amniotic fluid assessment is an essential part of evaluation of fetus health in terms of fetal distress, meconium aspiration, IUGR, Non-reassuring fetal heart rate patterns, birth asphyxia, low birth weight, low Apgar-scores and NICU Admissions.Methods: This prospective observational study included 200 antenatal patients of term gestation of which 100 cases with AFI<8 and 100 controls with AFI ≥8 but ≤ 15 were included in study. Ultrasonography and NST were done and results of both groups compared for the presence of meconium passage, non-reactive NST, birth asphyxia, low Apgar-scores, low birth weight, NICU admissions and neonatal deaths.Results: There was increased incidence of non-reactive NST (40% vs 12%), meconium stained (33% vs 10%) in oligohydramnios group. In cases 49% of patients had vaginal delivery while in controls 78%. 51% underwent LSCS in cases while in controls 22%. Apgar score <7 was found in 7% vs 4%. Birth weight was <2.5 kg in 35% vs 13%. NICU admissions in study group was 15% vs 11%. The neonatal death was similar in both cases groups.Conclusions: Oligohydramnios affect the neonatal outcome in terms of meconium stained liquor, non-reassuring fetal heart rate, low birth weight, birth asphyxia, low Apgar-scores and NICU Admissions and neonatal death but the difference was not statistically significant. Early detection of oligohydramnios and its management may help in reduction of perinatal morbidity and decreased caesarean deliveries

Comparison of diagnostic accuracy of bactec culture, gene-xpert and histopathology in the diagnosis of genital tuberculosis in women with infertility

Background: Female genital tuberculosis (FGTB) is often a silent disease sparing no age group but majority of patients are in the reproductive age. In infertility patient’s incidence of FGTB varies from 3-16% in India but the actual incidence of genital tuberculosis may be under reported due to asymptomatic presentation and paucity of investigations.Methods: Prospective case control study was conducted from June 2018 to May 2019 in LLRM Medical College Meerut. A total 100 Endometrial samples were collected during diagnostic laparoscopy from all suspected case of genital TB, presented with either primary or secondary infertility and samples sent for histopathology, Gene-xpert and Bactec culture.Results: Out of 100 samples Bactec culture was positive in 2 samples, Gene-xpert positive in 3 samples. On histopathology out of 100 cases, non-specific endometritis was found in 1 case, tubercular-endometritis in 1 case, proliferative enometrium (anovulatory) in 40 cases and secretory endometrium found in 58 cases.Conclusions: Female genital TB poses a diagnostic dilemma because of its varied presentation and lack of sensitive and specific method of diagnosis. Culture though remains the gold standard of diagnosis of female genital TB, gene-xpert, histopathology, Bactec culture or laparoscopy can be used for starting treatment. Endometrial biopsy on histopathology shows not only Tubercular endometritis but also gives hormone response on endometrium, local factors of endometrium concerning non-specific and specific infections and anovulatory cycles

Human papilloma virus vaccines awareness among female medical and dental undergraduate students

Background: Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection is the major risk factor for cervical cancer. Pap smear is the commonest technique for early screening and diagnosis of cervical cancer.Methods: Cross sectional study was carried out at a medical and dental institution of Punjab, India, among 84 medical and dental female undergraduate students, falling in the age group of 18-25 years using a validated and guided questionnaire. Goal of the study was to raise the attention of the underrated and unaware agenda of prevention of cervical carcinoma by available vaccines.Results: 96.42%, 25%, population was aware of HPV vaccination in 3rd, 2nd, medical students respectively and 60.71% in 2nd year dental students. 8.33% of the whole population (n=84) was vaccinated against HPV. The main reasons of not taking the vaccination were that the students had not heard of such a vaccine followed by the cost of the vaccine.Conclusions: Medical and dental undergraduates are not adequately aware about the HPV vaccine and are not vaccinated in large number

Impact of vitamin A supplementation in anaemia during pregnancy: a randomized double blind controlled clinical trial

Background: To study the impact of Vitamin A supplementation in anaemia during Pregnancy and thus improving maternal and fetal outcome a Randomized double blind controlled clinical trial was conducted in Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, L.L.R.M. Medical college Meerut involving 250 pregnant women in late pregnancy 18-28 weeks with haemoglobin levels <11 g% (7-11 g%)..Methods: The study subjects were divided into two groups: Group A (n=125): Received daily supplement containing Iron (60 mg elemental iron) + Folate (500 mcg) + Vitamin A 20,000 IU weekly for a minimum of 12 weeks. Group B (n=125): Received daily supplement containing iron (60 mg elemental iron) + Folate (500 mcg) for a minimum of 12 weeks.Results: Maximum patients were uneducated belonging to low socioeconomic status. The mean haemoglobin values in Group A and Group B increased from 9.674±1.05 and 9.53±1.04 to 12.2±0.89 and 10.82±1.06 respectively after supplementation. Similarily Serum Ferritin levels increased from 15.96±2.94 and 15.70±2.83 to 78.40±17.82 and 58.64±11.93. Mean corpuscular volume, packed cell volume and red blood cell counts also increased significantly. Maximum haemoglobin levels were achieved with both vitamin A and iron supplementation. The proportion of women who became non anaemic was 97.17% in Group A vs 68.69% in Group B.Conclusions: Vitamin A supplementation improves anaemia and also dramatically improves iron stores in anaemic pregnant women