Prevalence of overt and subclinical thyroid dysfunction among women and its effects on maternal and fetal outcome

Background: Objective of present study was to determine the current prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in normal pregnant women and to study the impact of thyroid dysfunction on maternal and fetal outcome.Methods: 400 pregnant women between 13 and 26 weeks of gestation were registered for the study. Apart from routine obstetrical investigations, TSH tests were done. Free T4 and anti-TPO antibody tests were done in patients with deranged TSH. Patients were followed up till delivery. Their obstetrical and perinatal outcomes were noted.Results: The prevalence of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism was and 1.25%, respectively. Adverse maternal effects in overt hypothyroidism included preeclampsia (16.6 vs. 7.8%) and placental abruption (16.6 vs. 0.8%). Subclinical hypothyroidism was associated with preeclampsia (22.3 vs. 7.8%) as compared to the euthyroid patients. Adverse fetal outcome in overt hypothyroidism  included spontaneous abortion (16.6 vs. 2.39%), preterm birth (33.3 vs. 5.8%), low birth weight (50 vs. 12.11%), intrauterine growth retardation (25 vs. 4.9%), and fetal death (16.6 vs.7%) as compared to the euthyroid women. Adverse fetal outcomes in subclinical hypothyroidism included spontaneous abortion (5.5 vs. 2.39%), preterm delivery (11.2 vs. 5.8%), low birth weight (25 vs. 12.11%), and intrauterine growth retardation (8.4 vs. 4.9%) as compared to the euthyroid women.Conclusions: The prevalence of thyroid disorders was high in our study with associated adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. Routine screening of thyroid dysfunction is recommended to prevent adverse fetal and maternal outcome

Feto-maternal outcome in cases of antepartum hemorrhageat a tertiary care hospital-a retrospective study

Background: Antepartum haemorrhage (APH) is described as bleeding from or into the genital tract which occurs after 24 weeks of pregnancy and before prior to birth of infant. As per RCOG Guidelines in India, viable period is 28 weeks. APH is one of the leading causes of maternal mortality mostly in perinatal period worldwide and almost 3-5% of all the pregnancies are complicated because of it. Objectives of the study were to analyse incidence, risk factors of APH and to study the outcomes, the mode of delivery, perinatal mortality and also maternal mortality in APH.Methods: A retrospective study conducted on patients who were admitted to TMMC and RC with complaints of bleeding per vagina after 28 weeks of pregnancy over a period of 1 year (December 2019-2020).Results: A total of 100 patients with APH out of 1440 deliveries were noted which calculated the incidence to 6.9%. Out of all APH cases, the patients having placenta praevia made 65% of the total cases, abruptio placenta were 34% and undetermined cause was up to 1%. Out of majority of patients of APH, almost 62% were emergency cases. The incidence calculated for un-booked cases was far more. 15 patients having placenta praevia underwent curettage after having a spontaneous abortion. Among all patients of placenta previa, 9 patients had history of 1 previous c-section with incidence of 13% while 5 cases had history of 2 previous section with incidence of 7.6%. Placenta previa type 1 has an incidence of 12%, type 2-20%, type 3-38.4% and type 4-29.2%. The 76.9% patients of placenta praevia underwent caesarean section and 23% of patients underwent spontaneously delivery. APH can lead to a variable degree of maternal and perinatal mortality. Maternal mortality in study was 5% due to placenta previa and 7% due to abruption.Conclusions: The incidence of APH could be reduced by taking some preventive measures like early registration, regular antenatal care, promptly detecting high risk cases, and early referral to higher centre. The incidence of maternal and fetal mortality due to abruption still remains high.

SnapShot: Functions of Tubulin Posttranslational Modifications

International audienc

Patterns of injuries in homicidal cases

Death, an inevitable part of life, prompts an exploration into the manner and method by which it occurs. This study aims to analyze the patterns of injuries in homicidal cases brought for postmortem examination. In 2019, a total of 28,918 murder cases were registered in India, showing a slight decrease of 0.3% in comparison to 2018 (29,017 cases). The study aims to understand the different injury patterns in homicide. At the Department of Forensic Medicine, Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal, India, a total of 62 males and 12 females, along with one unknown gender person, where submitted to postmortem examination. The majority of cases belonged to urban, with leading causes of death being shock and hemorrhage followed by craniocerebral damage. This study concludes that sharp edges and deep cuts were the primary injury patterns in homicide cases. Morte, uma inevitável parte da vida, incita uma exploração a respeito da maneira e do método de sua ocorrência. Este estudo tem por objetivo analisar os padrões de lesões em casos de homicídios verificados em exames post-mortem. Em 2019, registrou-se um total de 28.918 casos de assassinato na India, mostrando um leve decréscimo de 0,3% em comparação com 2018 (29.017 casos). Este estudo objetiva entender os diferentes padrões de lesão em homicídios. No Departamento de Medicina Forense da Gandhi Medical College, em Bhopal, India, um total de 62 homens, 12 mulheres e uma pessoa de gênero não identificado, foram submetidas à análise post mortem. A maioria dos casos pertencia a áreas urbanas, com principal causa de morte sendo choque e hemorragia seguida de dano crânio cerebral. Este estudo conclui que arestas afiadas e cortes profundos foram os principais padrões de lesões em casos de homicídio. 

DESCRIBING THE EFFECTS OF PRIMARY OPEN ANGLE GLAUCOMA ON MACULA USING SPECTRAL DOMAIN OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY IN CENTRAL INDIA

Introduction: Primary open-angle glaucoma is a silent predator of sight, killing retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), and leads to characteristic optic nerve head (ONH) changes and visual field (VF) defects. The conventional methods of diagnosis include clinical examination and perimetry. However, by these at the time of diagnosis, a substantial loss of RGCs has already occurred. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) allows quantitative measurements of various parameters of the retina. This tool may be utilized for selective measurement of macular parameters to make an early diagnosis of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). Methods: In 6 months of study, a total of 81 eyes of 51 subjects underwent SD-OCT measurements, that is, 49 eyes of 35 POAG subjects and 32 eyes of 16 age-matched healthy subjects, to record all measurable macular parameters, namely, macular thickness (MT)-central, average, in all sectors of the inner and outer circle of early treatment of diabetic retinopathy study (ETDRS) macular map; macular volume, ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GC-IPL) thickness-in all sectors; succeeded by statistical calculations using the unpaired t-test to calculate two-tailed p-value which is significant when its value is <0.05. Results: As an observation the average MT, MT in the inferior and temporal sector of the inner circle of the ETDRS macular map, that in the inferior sector of the outer circle, minimum GC-IPL thickness, and GC-IPL thickness in all sectors were all significantly reduced in POAG eyes than healthy eyes. Whereas central MT, average GC-IPL thickness, macular volume, and MT in few sectors of the inner and outer circle of the ETDRS macular map proved to bear an insignificant change of POAG. Conclusion: In this study, the greatest impact of POAG on macula was discovered in the GC-IPL layer and MT in the inferior sector of inner and outer ring which might serve the purpose of diagnosis of POAG apart from the established parameters of RNFL and ONH

Tubulin Posttranslational Modifications and Emerging Links to Human Disease

International audienceTubulin posttranslational modifications are currently emerging as important regulators of the microtubule cytoskeleton and thus have a strong potential to be implicated in a number of disorders. Here, we review the latest advances in understanding the physiological roles of tubulin modifications and their links to a variety of pathologies

Multi-functional architectures supported on organostannoxane scaffolds

Organostannoxane cages and aggregates of well-defined composition and structure can be prepared by the reactions of organotin oxides or organotin oxide-hydroxides with protic acids. The utility of this strategy for the preparation of dendrimer-like molecules containing a stannoxane core and a functional periphery is described

Smart Breeding for Climate Resilient Agriculture

Human society is at a turning point of its time as climate change is becoming more and more real and inevitable. From rising temperature, which undermines the food production, to melting glaciers, causing disastrous flooding and erosion, the global repercussions of climate change are unprecedented. Plant breeding has always played a pivotal role in human history by revolutionizing agriculture to feed the ever-growing population. It can rescue humankind from imminent threats to agriculture posed by weather fluctuations, rapidly evolving pests and limiting resources. Unlocking the repository of genetic diversity and extensive utilization of wild germplasm invariably is imperative to every crop improvement program. But recent advancements in genomics, high throughput phenomics, sequencing and breeding methodologies along with state-of-the-art genome-editing tools in integration with artificial intelligence open up new doors for accelerated climate-resilient crop improvement. Therefore, holistic smart breeding approaches can be promising way out to tackle climate change and develop better-adapted crop varieties

Handwriting Differences in Individuals with Presence and Absence of Antisocial Behaviour

Every literate human have their own distinctive handwriting characteristics that is of course embedded. Handwriting is that the photograph of the inner conflicts going on. It might be used as a projective test to review part that the person resist or generally is unaware of to share. This study makes an attempt by finding out that whether or not is it attainable to spot the criminal behaviour by a person' handwriting, as a result of delinquent behaviors are extremely current among kids and adolescents yet as adults. once these behaviors reach clinical significance they place a high burden on the individual, his or her immediate encompassing and society in general, higher insight into the correlates of delinquent behavior is required so as to develop adequate bar and intervention methods matched to a private’s personal risk to have interaction in antisocial behavior and skill associated risk factors. During this study 25 handwriting samples (22 males and three females) of individuals with high antisocial behaviour were analysed and compared with those of people with low antisocial behaviour and the study concludes that from a graphologist’s purpose of view, the writing of an individual with high antisocial behaviour will typically be delineate as that like a brick in the wall, rather trite, with a very little rhythm, inflexibility, dull and plentiful in abnormalities