Stopped Flow Kinetics of MnII Catalysed Periodate Oxidation of 2, 3- dimethylaniline - Evaluation of Stability Constant of the Ternary Intermediate Complex

The formation of ternary intermediate unstable complex during the oxidation of aromatic amines by periodate ion catalysed by MnII has been proposed in case of some anilines. This paper is the first report on stopped-flow kinetic study and evaluation of stability constant of ternary complex forming in the MnII - catalysed periodate oxidation of 2, 3-dimethylaniline (D) in acetone-water medium. Stop-flow spectrophotometric method was used to study the ternary complex formation and to determine its stability constant. The stop-flow trace shows the reaction to occur in two steps. The first step, which is presumably the formation of ternary complex, is relatively fast while the second stage is relatively quite slow. The stability constant evaluated for D - MnII - IO4- ternary complex by determining equilibrium absorbance is (2.2 ± 1.0) × 105. Kinetics of ternary complex formation was defined by the rate law(A) under pseudo first order conditions. ln{[C2]eq / ( [C2]eq -[C2])} = kobs . t (A) where, kobs is the pseudo first order rate constant, [C2] is concentration of ternary complex at given time t, and [C2]eq is the equilibrium concentration of ternary complex. © 2015 BCREC UNDIP. All rights reserve

Conservation and Utilization of Grassland Resources for Sustainable Livestock Production in Different Agro-Climatic Zones of India

The competent authority has approved the modifications in the Centrally Sponsored Fodder and Feed Development Scheme (CSFFDS), within the budget provision for the year 2012-13. The modifications are (i) Including a new component of ‘Establishment of Fodder Banks’ under the CSFFDS within the budget provision, for the financial year 2012-13 (i) The Central share for the component of Establishment of Fodder Block Making Units under the SDFFDS has been increased from 50% to 75% for the financial year 2012-13 for Cooperatives or Milk unions or Federations, and for State Government to facilitate harvesting and storage of surplus fodder in areas where rainfall has been good or where fodder has been grown in irrigated land. From the period 2014-18 livestock mission under Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying, Govt. of India is catering the need of livestock sector, under this mission submission on Feed and Fodder development is mitigating the gap between demand and supply of feed and fodder resources in the country. Presently ‘Kamdhenu Mission’ is functioning towards cattle development in India. In case of first Agro-Ecological Climatic zone-Western Himalaya, cold and with shallow skeletal soils-Agrostis species., Poa alpine, Trisetum spicatum grasses, Medicago sativa/subspecies sativa, m. sativa, sub-species falcuta legumes and Hippophae rhamnoides as shrubs for grassland improvement have been recommended. In the Second zone-Western plains and Kaccha Peninsula, hot and with desert and saline soils- Cenchrus ciliaris, C.setigerus (Sandy plain). Lasiurus scindicus (Sandy interdunal plains), panicum turgidum (sand dunes) chloris gayana, sporobolus marginatus (salt affected lands) grasses, legumes – Cassia rotundifolia, Acacia nilotca, A.tortilis, Albizia lebbeck, Ailanthus excelsa,Dichrostachys cinerea, Prosopis cineraria, Ziziphus nummularia, P.juliflora, Salvadora oleoides. S. Persia (saline soil) shrubs and trees are suitable. For Deccan plateau, hot and with red and black soils third important agro-ecological region grasses Andropogon gayanus, Chrysopogon fulvus (red soil), Dichanthium annulatum, Bothriochloa intermedia (black soil); legume Clitoria ternatea, Stylosanthes hamata, S.scabra and shrub/trees Acacia nilotica, Albizia amara, A.lebbeck, Desmanthus virgatus, Leucaena leucocephala, Tamarindus indica are found productive

Mitigating Policy Measures to Increase Fodder Availabilty in Natural Calamities Situations

Though the availability of feed and fodder has improved in the last decade, still there exists a substantial gap between demand and availability of fodder in the country, particularly during the lean periods and at the time of natural calamities including droughts and or flood situations. Availability of adequate quantity of feed and fodder for livestock is essential for improving livestock productivity. Under the Rasthriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY), the States have sufficient funds and autonomy to undertake development of feed and fodder besides other agricultural and allied activities. There is a need to disseminate the benefits of using high yielding quality fodder seeds and combination of crops among the farmers through front line demonstration (FLD) and minikits. Although providing sustenance fodder to the livestock is the priority during the drought situation, it is vital to ensure that the nutritional level of productive milch animals is maintained to sustain production of milk. Under the SDRF and NDRF there is provision for supply of concentrates in cattle camps. The subsidy to be provided on the feed concentrates may vary from 25% to 50% of cost of feed, as would be decided by the State Government

Yield Potential of Co\u3csub\u3e4\u3c/sub\u3e Napier Hybrid Bajra (\u3ci\u3ePennisetum perpureum schumach.\u3c/i\u3e) Fodder Crop Under Irrigated Conditions in India

A field trial on Co4 was conducted at ICAR-IVRI, Izatnagar during 2013-14 to 2017-18 to study the effect of harvesting season/time on green, dry matter yield and morphological parameters. Data shows that yield of Co4 was increased from first year 2013-14 to third year 2015-16 and decreased in fourth year of plantation of crop. Regrowth of ratoon crop was good as it was in first year crop, it may be concluded that crop can be grown upto 5-6 years. The crop yield of first year and second year as par with fifth year. Maximum green fodder yield 307.7 q/ha in 2015-16. In 5th year (2017-18), ratooning yield was at par 301.3 q/ha with 2nd to 4th year (2014-15 to 2016-17). Good package of practices are recommended for ratooning to get good yield as well as economic production for long time 5-6 years of ratooning. The crop Co4 produced maximum green fodder yield (307.7 q/ha) in Aug-Sep

Orbit Feedback using X-ray Beam Position Monitoring at the Advanced Photon Source

The Advanced Photon Source (APS) was commissioned in 1995 as a third-generation x-ray user facility. At that time orbit control was performed exclusively with broadband rf beam position monitors (BPMs). Since then, emphasis has been placed on incorporating x-ray beam position monitors into the orbit control algorithms. This has resulted in an order of magnitude improvement in long-term beam stability vertically, using x-ray BPMs (X-BPMs) on bending magnet beamlines. Additional processing will allow similar improvements horizontally, once systematic effects associated with variable insertion device (ID) x-ray beams are properly compensated. Progress to date and upgrade plans will be presented, with an emphasis on the details of the required digital signal processing.Comment: Invited talk WECI001 at ICALEPCS'01, San Jose, CA 4 pages, 3 figure