Riesz MRA of dyadic dilations and the corresponding Riesz wavelet on LCA groups

We have explored the concept of Riesz multiresolution analysis (Riesz MRA) on a locally compact Abelian group G, and have done a detailed study of the methods of construction of a Riesz wavelet from the given Riesz MRA. For simplicity, we have assumed the order of dilations to be two, i.e. we have worked with dyadic dilations. We have proved that precisely one function is required to construct a Riesz wavelet basis for the space L²(G).Publisher's Versio

Caffeine affects adventitious rooting and causes biochemical changes in the hypocotyl cuttings of mung bean (Phaseolus aureus Roxb.)

Caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine), a purine alkaloid found naturally in over 100 plant species, has recently been viewed as a safe chemical for management of pests including molluscs, slugs, snails, bacteria, and as a bird deterrent. It possesses phytotoxicity against plant species, yet the mechanism of action is lacking. A study was conducted to determine the effect of caffeine on the rooting of hypocotyl cuttings of mung bean (Phaseolus aureus) and the associated biochemical changes. At lower concentrations (<1,000 µM) of caffeine, though rooting potential was not affected, yet there was a significant decrease in the number of roots and root length. At 1,000 µM caffeine, there was a 68% decrease in the number of roots/primordia per cutting, whereas root length decreased by over 80%. However, no root formation occurred at 2,000 µM caffeine. Further investigations into the biochemical processes linked to root formation revealed that caffeine significantly affects protein content, activities of proteases, polyphenol oxidases (PPO) and total endogenous phenolic (EP) content, in the mung bean hypocotyls. A decrease in rooting potential was associated with a drastic reduction in protein content in the lower rooted portion, whereas the specific activity of proteases increased indicating that caffeine affects the protein metabolism. Activity of PPO decreased in response to caffeine, whereas EP content increased significantly indicating its non-utilization and thus less or no root formation. Respiratory ability of rooted tissue, as determined through TTC (2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride) reduction, was impaired in response to caffeine indicating an adverse effect on the energy metabolism. The study concludes that caffeine interferes with the root development by impairing protein metabolism, affecting activity of PPO (and thus lignification), and EP content, which are the crucial steps for root formation

Additional file 1 of Cardiac transplant rejection assessment with 18F-FDG PET-CT: initial single-centre experience for diagnosis and management

Additional file 1: Supplementary data providing a clinical synopsis of the 2 patients who died