UNUSAUAL PRESENTATION OF SUBMANDIBULAR DUCT AND GLAND CALCUI: CASE REPORT

Sialolithiasis is one of the most common pathologies of the submandibular gland; sialoliths account for about 80 percent of all salivary duct calculi.The majority of sialolith occurs in the submandibular gland or its duct and is common cause of acute and chronic infection. Salivary stones larger than 15 mm are classified as giant sialoliths. They are uncommon in the practice of otolaryngology, and their management has always been a therapeutic challenge. This report presents the two unusual and rare cases of large sialolith of the submandibular duct as well as gland measuring 70x11mm and 54x25mm respectively.

HEAT SHOCK PROTEINS: KNOWLEDGE SO FAR AND ITS FUTURE PROSPECTS

ABSTRACTHeat shock proteins (HSPs) are one of the most versatile classes of molecules which regulate cellular homeostasis. In 1960, Ritossa accidentally raisedthe incubation temperature of Drosophila fly and found an increased gene transcription of certain unknown proteins, which he named HSPs. Furtherstudies explored that HSPs, being expressed at low levels under normal conditions, act as molecular chaperones, which fold, assemble, localize,secrete, and translocate cellular proteins. Moreover, their expression is markedly induced in response to various stresses such as an exposure ofcells to heavy metals, nitric oxide, ischemia, microbial infection, antibiotics, and hormones. The literature has been thoroughly investigated, and thepresent review summarizes the complex role of HSPs in gastric disorders, neurological disorders, apoptosis, cancer, etc. Expression of HSPs by cellshas important physiological or pathological implications. HSPs can be used as novel molecular targets for both the pharmacological and therapeuticinterventions to prevent and cure various diseases.Keywords: Heat shock proteins, Apoptosis, Stress

A REVIEW ON PHYTOSOMES: NOVEL APPROACH FOR HERBAL PHYTOCHEMICALS

  The poor oral bioavailability of polyphenolic compound can be enhanced through the incorporation of them into phospholipid based self-assembled delivery system, i.e. popularly known as phytosome. Phyto†means plants and some†resembles a covering around/or a structure. Phytosome is generally prepared by reacting one or two moles of polyphenolic phytoconstituents and phospholipid. It may be either in the ratio of 1:1 and 1:2. By using phytosomes, one can also achieve enhanced rate and extent of the passage of lipophilic herbal constituents across lipid membrane that explains its character as a carrier as well as acid labile herbal drugs could also be protected in gastrointestinal tract. There are number of products available in the market that contains phytosomal drug delivery system such as Ginkgo biloba, Silybum marianum, and Camellia sinensis. The present review describes an updated overview of preparation of phytosomes, advancement in phytosomes technology, various herbal drugs for which phytosomes have been used as a carrier, its commercial availability and applications

GLOBAL REGULATORY ASPECTS OF WOUND CARE AND BURN DRESSINGS

Objective: The objective of the study was to present an overview of regulatory requirements for wound and burn care dressings.Methods: A total of 80 research and review articles including regulatory guidelines to control the marketing of wound and burn care dressings recommended by international regulatory agencies were reviewed.Results: A wide range of dressings, as a new target of the healing process, have been developed due to continued growth and innovations in the field. Ideal dressings should be safe and achieve healing at a reasonable cost with minimum inconvenience to patients. It is mandatory that manufacture and sale of such dressings are approved by the relevant health authority of each country. This article provides manufacturers with an overview regarding regulatory approval procedures for marketing such dressings in different countries and addresses the gaps and challenges in the existing guidelines aimed at maintaining product quality. It provides a comparative analysis of the differences in regulatory requirements and highlights that ongoing discussions and appropriate actions are required to support the continuous development of these dressings. Most countries have their own regulatory guidelines, and the approval processes differ according to the country. Quality parameters concerning the type of material, pore size, sterilization methods, shape and size, and labeling are not discussed in guidelines; therefore, innovators and manufacturers are facing tough challenges to showcase their products in the market, and this further leads to either lack of market availability or high cost of such dressings.Conclusion: Development of common quality guidelines is essential for market availability of low-cost, high-quality dressings

Quantitative Proteomic Approaches in a Zebrafish Model of Granulocytic Inflammation

Neutrophils represent the most abundant type of leukocytes in vertebrates and are the first cells migrating to sites of trauma. Despite their fundamental importance, our understanding of the molecular changes occurring within neutrophils upon inflammation in a living animal remains fairly limited. In this study, the zebrafish model was used to investigate the in vivo orchestration of a neutrophil inflammatory response at the protein level

Water quality of River Ganga with reference to physico-chemical and microbiological characteristics during Kanwar Mela 2017, at Haridwar, India: A case study

The present investigation was conducted to study the water quality of river Ganga during Kanwar Mela 2017 with reference to physico-chemical and microbiological characteristics at Haridwar city. Five sampling sites viz., Har ki Pauri (HKP), Vishnu Ghat (VG), Daksh Mandir (DM), Pul Jatwara (PJ) and Bhimgoda Barrage (BGB as control) were selected for collection of water samples. The reseult revealed that among the different sampling sites, the maximum values of EC (0.164 dS m-1), TS (545 mg L-1), TDS (320 mg L-1), TSS (225 mg L-1), pH (8.76), DO (10.04 mg L-1), BOD (4.76 mg L-1), COD (6.89 mg L-1), Cl– (124.50 mg L-1), Hardness (232.54 mg L-1), Alkalinity (158.36 mg L-1), NO32- (76.88 mg L-1), SO42- (228.34 mg L-1), SPC (6.8×106 SPC ml -1), MPN (4.6×108  MPN 100 ml -1), Cd (BDL), Cu (0.171 mg L-1), Cr (1.503 mg L-1), Fe (3.642 mg L-1), Ni (BDL) and Zn (2.456 mg L-1) of Ganga River water were recorded higer at Har ki Pauri (HKP) in comparison to Vishnu Ghat (VG), Daksh Mandir (DM), Pul Jatwara (PJ) and Bhimgoda Barrage (BGB) sampling sites. Therefore, it was concluded from the present investigation that the mass bathing and relegious activities greatly influenced the water quality of River Ganga and significantly contributed to the water pollution of River Ganga during the Kanwar Mela 2017

Investigating the Current State of Industry Foundation Classes in the Construction Industry

IInteroperability is of high significance in the U.S. construction industry because most construction projects demand multi-disciplinary team efforts that combine inputs from several stakeholders throughout the building life cycle. Industry Foundation Classes (IFC), a standardized and structured data model for Building Information Modeling (BIM), has emerged as a neutral platform to solve the existing inadequate interoperability issues among the project participants. Lately, IFC has grown tremendously and more than 180 software applications currently provide IFC compatible data import and export capabilities. It has been expected that IFC would solve the interoperability problems among various processes, but the reality is not known yet. This study aims to investigate the current state of IFC in terms of its adoption and non-adoption reasons, its use in the project life cycle, industry’s evaluation of the IFC’s maturity as well as the way general contractors are tackling the non-interoperability problems. To achieve the desired objective, structured interviews with industry experts were conducted to collect the industry’s perspective on IFC, and their opinions were further analyzed. The results show that, despite advancements in the Industry Foundation Classes schema, Architectural Engineering and Construction (AEC) firms are still facing several challenges while implementing IFC in project delivery systems. Nevertheless, some general contractors acknowledged that the ability to exchange the Building Information Models among the project participants enhanced their collaboration among stakeholders. These research findings are intended to offer the AEC industry with a clearer picture of IFC’s opportunities and challenges and to help the IFC development community and software vendors identify the major obstacles in IFC’s adoption by the AEC industry

IoT based Personal Voice Assistant

Today, technological advancement is increasing day by day. Earlier, there was only a computer system in which we could only perform a few tasks. But now, machine learning, artificial intelligence, deep learning, and a few more technologies have made computer systems so advanced that we can perform any type of task. In this era of advancement, if people are still struggling to interact using various input devices, then it's not worth it. For this reason, we developed a voice assistant using Python that allows the user to run any type of command in Linux without interaction with the keyboard. The main task of the voice assistant is to minimize the use of input devices like the keyboard and mouse. It will also reduce hardware space and cost