Development of Single Rain Strom Erosivity Models for Chitrakoot Region

In this paper, we review the erosivity studies conducted in Chitrakoot to verify the quality and representativeness of the results generated and to provide a greater understanding of the rainfall erosivity in Chitrakoot. We searched the Google Scholar databases and in recent journals and dissertations to obtain the following information: latitude, longitude, city, states, length of records (15-years from 1999 to 2013), precipitation (daily based), equations calculated and respective determination coefficient .The daily rainfall erosivity in Chitrakoot ranged from 39.846 to 61.841 MJ mm/ha/h. Rainfall erosivity indices, based on intensity and the amount of rainfall, were computed for all precipitations. The lowest values were found in June and the highest values were found in the August in the Chitrakoot region. These equations can be useful to map rainfall erosivity for the entire area. 

Identification of a seed-borne rice bacterium, Burkholderia glumae using cultural, morphological and biochemical methods

Burkholderia glumae is a seed-borne rice bacterium that causes bacterial panicle blight (BPB), which is a promising disease in many rice-growing areas around the world. The bacterium has been successfully grown on King’s B agar medium (KBM) at 280C for 48 hrs. It is Gram negative, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped with cell size 0.5 to 0.7 - 1.5 to 2.0 ?m with rounded ends. The colony appears as grayish white or yellow due to the pigment. The bacterium gave positive test in gelatin liquefaction, KOH solubility and nitrate reduction and while negative test in starch hydrolysis, oxidase reaction, levan production and arginine dihydrolase test. The bacterium utilized different carbon sources viz., sugars, amino acids, sugar alcohols and organic acids when examined through BiologTMGN2 Microplate System. This study would help in control and management of seed-borne bacterial plant pathogen B. glumae

In-Vitro Evaluation of Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Microbial Properties of Ethanolic Extract of Cydonia Oblonga Seeds

49-52Phytochemical, antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of ethanol extract of Cydonia oblonga were studied. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory efficacy of the extract was assessed through different methods using DPPH and bovine albumin respectively. Total phenolic content (TPC) was estimated using Folin-Cioucalteu reagent. Antimicrobial effect of seeds was studied using disc diffusion method against gram positive and negative bacteria viz; S.aureus, P.aeruginosa and fungi C. albicans. Phyto-chemical analysis showed the presence of alkaloids, phenols, tannins, amino acids, carbohydrate, fats/oils and glycosides. TPC of the seed extract was found to be 37.46±0.10 mg GAE/gm, extract also showed significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity with IC50 value of 299.98µg/ml and 300µg/ml respectively. Anti-microbial results indicated that Cydonia oblonga seeds extract is effective against gram positive bacteria

PREVALENCE OF HYPERTENSION AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH VITAL STATICS OF ADULTS AMONG URBAN, SEMIURBAN, RURAL AREAS OF UTTARAKHAND

Objective: India is in the affirmed phase of evolution and transition, demographic, economic, epidemiological, and nutrition transition. Moreover, all these transitions are leading non-communicable diseases such as obesity, hypertension, and insulin resistance. The study was aimed to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and its association with vital statics of adults among urban, semiurban, rural areas of Sub-Himalayan Region.Methods: A cross sectional community based study was done, using WHO step questionnaire. A survey was conducted in urban, semi urban, Rural areas of Uttrakhand, to make a sample size of 300 adults (18-45yr), 100 from each zone. Blood pressure and body mass index (BMI) of the participants was calculated. p<0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: In the sample population based on systolic BP, 61.3% were non-hypertensives, 29.7% were pre-hypertensives, and 9% were hypertensives. Based on diastolic BP, 43.3% were non-hypertensives, 32.7% were pre-hypertensives, and 24% were hypertensives. Participants with hypertension and pre-hypertension have higher BMI and waist circumference.Conclusion: A high prevalence rate of pre-hypertension and hypertension was depicted in urban, semiurban, and rural areas of the sub-Himalayan region. 4.8% of the female participants had systolic high blood pressure compared to the 11.9% of the male participants. On the other hand, 21.8% of the female participants had diastolic high blood pressure compared to the over 25% of the male participants. Dehradun has the highest rates of high blood pressure while Rudraprayag has the lowest. BMI was significantly correlated with systolic BP in Dehradun adults (p<0.05). Diastolic BP was significantly positively correlated with age and BMI in Dehradun adults (p<0.05). Age was positively significantly correlated with pulse rate in Dehradun and Uttarkashi adults (p<0.05). In Rudraprayag adults, weight was significantly positively correlated with both systolic and diastolic BP (p<0.05). No other correlations were seen in anthropometry and vital statistics of Rudraprayag or Uttarkashi adults (p>0.05).Â

Signet ring cell cholangiocarcinoma in a patient previously operated for cholecystectomy: is there any connecting link?

Cholangiocarcinoma are malefic tumours of bile duct. Signet ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) is rare entity. Several risk factors have been attributed to its ethology, the main overriding link between two being chronic inflammation of the bile system. Cholecystectomy has also been a proposed risk factor. This study was undertaken in Department of Pathology at LLRM Medical College, Meerut. A 49 years old female, operated for cholecystectomy 1.5 year back in same hospital, now presented with chief complains of jaundice and abdominal discomfort. The blood chemistry revealed increased total bilirubin (13.7 mg/dl), Alkaline phosphatase (877.6 IU/L), Carbohydrate Antigen (CA) 199(184 U/ml) and Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) (14.5 ng/ml). Computed Tomography (CT) showed a stricture in mid Common bile duct (CBD). Excision of stricture was done using retrocholic hepatico-jejunostomy. Tissue was submitted for histopathology. Histopathological assessment showed SRCC. The patient failed to turn up for further management but returned back after a span of time presenting with gross ascites and pallor ultimately leading to death within 12 weeks of diagnosis. This was the first case of SRCC to arise in a patient who had a previous history of cholecystectomy. Whether there is some connecting link between the two is still not clear. Further studies are warranted in this direction to establish cholecystectomy as an etiological factor for cholangiocarcinoma

Preventive role of cinnamaldehyde against tenuazonic acid- and Freund’s adjuvant-induced histopathological and biochemical alterations in the mouse model

IntroductionThis study was designed to assess the protective role of cinnamaldehyde (Cin) against the synergistic effect of tenuazonic acid (TeA) and Freund’s adjuvant on different organs of Swiss albino mice.MethodsTeA was administered singly and in combination with Freund’s adjuvant intra-peritoneally. The mice were divided into control (vehicle treated), mycotoxicosis-induced (MI) groups, and treatment groups. The route of administration of TeA was intra-peritoneal. The treatment group (FAICT) received Cin orally as a protective agent against TeA-induced mycotoxicosis. The effects on performance, differential leukocyte counts (DLC), and pathological measurements in eight organs (liver, lungs, kidney, spleen, stomach, heart, brain, and testis) were taken into consideration.ResultsThe body weight and feed consumption decreased significantly in the MI groups, which were reversed in the FAICT group. The necropsy observations revealed an increase in the relative organ-to-body weight percentage in the MI groups, which was restored to normal in the FAICT group. Freund’s adjuvant enhanced the effects of TeA on DLC. The antioxidant enzymes SOD and CAT decreased, while MDA increased in the MI groups. Caspase-3 activity was reduced in all organs and remained stable in the treatment group. TeA elevated the ALT concentration in the liver and kidneys and the AST in the liver, kidney, heart, and brain tissues. The oxidative stress induced by TeA in the MI groups was ameliorated in the treatment group. Histopathological observations consisted of NASH, pulmonary oedema and fibrosis, renal crystals and inflammation, splenic hyperplasia, gastric ulceration and cyst, cerebral axonopathy, testicular hyperplasia, and vacuolation in the MI groups. However, no such pathology was recorded in the treatment group.DiscussionsThus, it can be concluded that the toxicity of TeA was found to be enhanced when combined with Freund’s adjuvant. However, Cin exhibited promising protective effects against TeA + Freund’s adjuvant toxicity and reverted the pathological alterations caused by them. Additionally, this study emphasizes Freund’s adjuvant’s ability to increase mycotoxicity rather than just acting as an immunopotentiator

Particulate Matter and Human Health

This chapter provides an introduction to particulate matter by discussing various ways of categorisation, characterisation and their health effects. The natural and anthropogenic sources of atmospheric particulate matter are discussed. The chapter also introduces qualitatively some aerosol concepts, such as their chemical composition and size distribution. Some examples are provided to illustrate how particulate matter, despite being microscopic particles, can manifest themselves in the atmosphere. Finally, the various pathways by which particulate matter impacts the health system are reviewed along with their interactions to understand concept behind the PM-associated health effects

Infrared Characterisation and Prediction of Aviation Turbine Fuel Plume

Broad (3.7 μm - 4.8 μm) as well as narrow band (4.16 μm - 4.24 μm) mid wave infrared characterisation of plume has been reported here. Multiple angular measurements (azimuth) were carried out on a laboratory developed plume source with aviation turbine fuel (ATF) using thermal imaging systems. Correlation of IR prediction to experimental results is the key objectives of this study. As this narrow band covers the blue spike of plume, a comparison of the same with broad band plume contribution has been reported for the first time. Also, a model to simulate the IR radiation of two-dimensional parabolic jet was developed and used to predict spectral contribution from major hydrocarbon fuel combustion products (CO2 and H2O). In addition, it was found that the plume transmission characteristics extracted form imager measurements are qualitatively in agreement with prediction results.

In-Vitro Evaluation of Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Microbial Properties of Ethanolic Extract of Cydonia Oblonga Seeds

Phytochemical, antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of ethanol extract of Cydonia oblonga were studied. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory efficacy of the extract was assessed through different methods using DPPH and bovine albumin respectively. Total phenolic content (TPC) was estimated using Folin-Cioucalteu reagent. Antimicrobial effect of seeds was studied using disc diffusion method against gram positive and negative bacteria viz; S.aureus, P.aeruginosa and fungi C. albicans. Phyto-chemical analysis showed the presence of alkaloids, phenols, tannins, amino acids, carbohydrate, fats/oils and glycosides. TPC of the seed extract was found to be 37.46±0.10 mg GAE/gm, extract also showed significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity with IC50 value of 299.98µg/ml and 300µg/ml respectively. Anti-microbial results indicated that Cydonia oblonga seeds extract is effective against gram positive bacteria

New challenge of asymptomatic infections from COVID-19: current scenario

Since the outbreak of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) disease in China, late December 2019, it took a substantial detriment and challenges for more than 200 countries worldwide. Recently with the upcoming insights about etiology of the virus, there is increasing evidence that many patients with COVID-19 are asymptomatic or they have only mild symptoms, but they act as carrier and are able to transmit the virus to others. There are technical difficulties in screening for these asymptomatic infections, which makes it even more challenging for any nation to control this epidemic. This article reviews entry & replication of the virus, pathogenesis, asymptomatic infections, dissemination, prevention, control & treatment in asymptomatic infections with COVID-19, expecting it would be helpful for early prevention and containment of this severe public health threat worldwide