The Importance of Farm Management in the Under-Developed Economics

Throughout the history of mankind there always have been famines, disease, and poverty in some parts of the world, and this has been because of economic under - development to a great extent. For nearly a century after the publication of Adam Smith\u27s Wealth of Nations in 1776, economic development was the main interest of economists . In the late nineteenth century, Europe, America, and Australia were developing rapidly and few people were interested in raising the incomes of Africans, Arabs, and Asians . Most of the countries in Africa and Asia were under European colonial rule, and being so, these countries were kept as sources of raw materials and markets for manufactuered goods by the mother country . Even then, however, there were economists and statesmen whose major concern was economic development

Punjab in the Grip of an Ecological Disaster: Is there a Solution?

Punjab the land of five rivers is facing one of the worst crisis in its history Its youth is trapped in drugs marginal farmers are trapped in bank loans and are forced to commit suicides the financial situation is so dismal that the State is in a debt trap and the moral fabric of vibrant Punjabi society is under attack by internal and external contradictions However I am not going to focus on the obvious but will like to investigate the long term effects of Ecological Disaster hovering over Punjab During 1990s when our research group in Guru Nanak Dev University was sanctioned a research project by Bhabha Atomic Research Centre BARC of Department of Atomic Energy DAE to undertake a survey for Environmental Radiation Health Hazards to population of Punjab we could never imagine the consequences would be so alarming Our aim was to assess the environmental radiation dose to inhabitants due to Radon gas emanating from the soil the source of this gas being radioactive Uranium in soil and groundwater We reported that in Malwa belt the radiation dose is 20 higher compared with other districts of Punjab However there was no imminent danger to public health due to presence of indoor Radon in home

Natural Uranium Content in Ground Waters of Mohaliand Fatehgarh Districts of North Punjab (India) for the Assessment of Excess Cancer Risk

LED Fluorimeter has been used to measure the uranium content of the ground water samples of Mohali and Fatehgarh districts of North Punjab India 33 locations have been selected for the present investigation The aim of this study is to investigate the uranium content of the ground water in Northern districts of Punjab for sake of comparison with its occurrence in Southern districts of Punjab and to assess the radiological and chemical risk due to the uranium present through ingestion The uranium concentration of the water samples of the studied villages varies from 0 63 to 57 82 gl-1 with an average value of 16 93 gl-1 Theuranium content of all the samples in groundwater lies within the safe limit of 60 gl-1 ppb of uranium proposed by AERB Indi

Variable Block Based Motion Estimation Using Hexagon Diamond Full Search Algorithm (HDFSA) Via Block Subtraction Technique

Motion estimation is a technique to reduce high information redundancy which exists between successive frames in a video sequences. There are many types of motion estimation method but the most used method is the block matching method which is the fixed block matching and the variable block matching. The fixed block matching uses the same block size throughout the motion estimation process while the variable block matching uses different block size. The variable block matching developed based on four stages which is the video and frame selection, threshold calculation, block size selection and search pattern. In the video and frame selection, pre-defined video which have different type of motion and size is used for the algorithm evaluation purpose. The threshold calculation is based on the video selected. Each video selected will have its own threshold which is used for the block size selection. There is three block size selection which is 16×16 pixels block size (uniform motion), 8×8 pixels block size (moderate motion) and 4×4 pixels block size (complex motion). In order to calculate the threshold and block size selection, the block subtraction technique is implemented. The concept of the block subtraction technique is based on the changes of pixels value between successive frames which represent the existence of motion. The next stage of algorithm development is the search pattern which is the hexagon diamond (16×16 and 8×8 pixels block size) and full search pattern (4×4 pixels block size). To evaluate the performance of the developed algorithm, the average PSNR value, average search point and average elapsed processing time is calculated. Overall, the developed algorithms have similar PSNR value and lower average search point compared to superior algorithms. The average elapsed processing time have increased due to the implementation of the block subtraction technique and the variable block matching

Comparative evaluation of management of intertrochanteric fracture femur with proximal femoral nailing versus dynamic hip screw

Background: Fractures involving trochanteric region of femur are one of the common fractures affecting elderly population. Presently surgical treatment is the treatment of choice with early mobilisation as primary goal. The two most common implants that are used are Dynamic hip screw (DHS) and Proximal femoral nail (PFN).Methods: This was a prospective study with 50 patients divided randomly into two groups of 25 each. One group operated by PFN and other with DHS. Patients were evaluated periodically and final comparison between two group was done at six months for analysing results on the basis of Harris hip score.Results: At final follow up in patients in PFN group 9 (36%), 7 (28%), 5 (20%), 4 (16%) patients had functional grade in excellent, good, fair and poor category respectively. In DHS group patients, 7 (28%), 10 (40%), 6 (24%), 2 (8%) patients had functional grade in excellent, good, fair and poor functional grade. Harris hip score was insignificantly (p>0.05) lower in patients of PFN (82.68±12.28) than DHS (84.60±10.39).Conclusion: At final follow up we found that pain, limp, use of support while walking and hospital stay was less in PFN group. However, range of motion and hip functions were better in patients treated with DHS. Complications like Varus malunion and infection were common in DHS group while hip joint stiffness was seen more commonly in PFN group. So, both PFN and DHS in are comparable in respect to most of functional criteria for treatment of intertrochanteric fracture femur

Rethinking cultural extinction: representation, identification and preservation

Cultural extinction in our view is a collective term that is more representative of the threat to, and the extinction of all cultural forms. In providing an overview of the definitions, interdisciplinary uses, and causes of cultural extinction, our paper aims to contribute towards the strengthening of the tenuous discourse on the concept of cultural extinction. Through our review of literature, we find that available scholarship on causality commonly presents external forces that are exterior to the cultural group as responsible for triggering cultural extinction. Thus, there is need to expand research by looking into the role of the cultural groups themselves, being instrumental to the extinction of their tangible and intangible cultural heritage. Language as a form of culture has many standardized tools for assessing its status, but we have observed a comparative paucity of such tools for identifying the status of other cultural forms. To address this, we suggest the development of hybrid tools adapted from existing language status assessment tools. Finally, we recommend the need for more scholarship to advance the phenomena of cultural extinction as existing literatures are grossly inadequate. Future scholarship addressing the phenomena of cultural extinction could explore other cultural forms beyond language to offer balance to the discourse on the realities of cultural extinction

Acting out and working through in Chimimanda Ngozi Adichie's Half of a Yellow Sun

Half of a Yellow Sun, written by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, is a novel filled with notions of tragedy, strife and survival. This novel recounts the experiences of characters who lived in a country torn apart by a civil war resulting from political upheaval. This study elucidates the trauma concepts of acting out and working through as done by the main characters of this novel. Furthermore, it ascertains why the characters are traumatised, the effects of the trauma and whether they recover from such trauma. There are quite a few concepts related to trauma theory, which is the literary theory used here as it best suits this research study. However, the main focus of this study is the concepts of acting out and working through from Dominick LaCapra. A close reading of Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's novel in the light of trauma theory provides insight into how to understand the horrors of trauma. People are often ignorant of the horrors of trauma and how it can affect a person, unless they undergo trauma themselves. Furthermore, since trauma theory has been largely linked to the medical rather than the literary field, it is viewed as a contemporary theory, unlike post-colonialism or feminism. Therefore, this study will be beneficial to literary students and people who conduct research in the same field of study

Postmodern teleological agents of end in Don DeLilLos White Noise

Apocalyptic literature in its secular form is a rich way of depicting a more meaningful fiction about ateleological end. The aim of postmodern apocalyptic literature is to manifest how the need for structure inspiresthe writers of this genre to use it as a sense-making device in postmodern era. This paper is an analysis ofpostmodern apocalyptic literary concepts in Richard Don DeLillos’ White Noise (1985). The novel represents asense of apocalypticism in a nuclear age when the fear of an atomic ending is not likely to vanish. The presentpaper examines the author’s depiction of the presence of an apocalyptic world in the postmodern setting of theselected text. It also explores the concept of postmodern apocalyptic deity and its imperfect judgment which callsinto question the simplistic depictions of morality. This has been achieved in this study based on a textualanalysis as a methodology by applying Elizabeth K. Rosen’s study of the genre in her book; ApocalypticTransformation: Apocalypse and the Postmodern Imagination (2008). Findings of this study show how theabsence of a complete destruction in the novel manifests the failure of the only sense-making device in the age ofnuclear fear and the everlasting nature of such fears

The reconciliation process in post-apartheid South Africa through Zakes Mda’s Madonna of Excelsior

At the present moment in history, there is a renewed interest in defining and redefining nationhood in the processes of dealing with past and reconciliation. Discourses of past and reconciliation have emerged in recent years in nations struggling with the legacies of colonialism. These would include the injustices and oppression inflicted on those natives who could not defend their motherland from oppressors. One such country, South Africa faced forty-six years of atrocious colonization known as apartheid or racial segregation where the blacks and coloured were suppressed by the white colonial masters. Despite apartheid being abolished in 1994, Democratic South Africa is still plagued with social ills and there is still a widespread of racial discrimination between the whites and the blacks. The Truth and Reconciliation Committee was set up right after apartheid was abolished, to help facilitate a truth recovery process. Forgiveness has been forwarded yet redemption and reconciliation are somewhat elusive, as discrimination and instability still exist due to the stigma apartheid has left. This research paper “Apartheid and the Reconciliation Process in the Post-Apartheid South Africa” looks into the novel by Zakes Mda entitled The Madonna of Excelsior, which deals with the issues of the process of reconciliation between the present and the past. In this paper, we investigated if the masses are willing to forget the past in order to create a better future for the new generation of the new South Africa