Allelic Diversity of Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II DRB Gene in Indian Cattle and Buffalo

The present study was conducted to study the diversity of MHC-DRB3 alleles in Indian cattle and buffalo breeds. Previously reported BoLA-DRB exon 2 alleles of Indian Zebu cattle, Bos taurus cattle, buffalo, sheep, and goats were analyzed for the identities and divergence among various allele sequences. Comparison of predicted amino acid residues of DRB3 exon 2 alleles with similar alleles from other ruminants revealed considerable congruence in amino acid substitution pattern. These alleles showed a high degree of nucleotide and amino acid polymorphism at positions forming peptide-binding regions. A higher rate of nonsynonymous substitution was detected at the peptide-binding regions, indicating that BoLA-DRB3 allelic sequence evolution was driven by positive selection

Fabrication and Electrical Discharge Machining of Al-SiC-Mg Composite with Mechanical Characterisation

Composites are the materials obtained by combinations of different materials, with greater and better properties that are not present in the individual parent material. Due to its outstanding properties like light weight, corrosion resistance, higher strength and better thermal and electrical properties it is widely used. More than 40000 products of composite materials are used across the Globe. In this work Aluminium Metal Matrix Composite is formed with varying percentage of SiC and Mg. The electrical discharge machining (EDM) of the fabricated composite material has done to observe the material removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness along with different tests such as XRF, hardness test, tensile test and compression test. This paper represents the information that are observed after conducting various tests on composites casted by varying the percentage of Sic and Mg.From Various tests it is observed that with increase in percentage of SiC and Mg hardness, Young’s modulus and MRR increases

Assessment of Physicochemical Properties of Flash from TISCO Power Plant, Jamadoba, Jharia Coalfields, Jharkhand, India

This paper deals with some selected physicochemical properties of fly ash collected from a TISCO power plant at Jamadoba, Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India. The physical properties such as bulk density, moisture content, specific gravity, porosity water holding capacity and grain size distribution (sand, silt, clay) were measured, being 0.94gm/cc, 0.73%, 1.84%, 60.25% 76.55% and sand 63.3%, silt 32.6%, clay 2.6% respectively. The chemical properties included in this study were pH, electrical conductivity, organic carbon, cation exchange capacity and available nitrogen. The aim of the present study is to assess the suitability of fly ash of TISCO power plant at vegetation purposes in the low lying areas or degraded land. These physicochemical properties are of also great importance in the backfilling of opencast mines, plantation and reclamation of the abandoned opencast project

A Study on Backfill Properties and Use of Fly Ash for Highway Embankments

Fly ash a fine powder is thrown out in large quantities from thermal power plants as a waste material in a by-product of combustion of pulverized coal. The disposal of fly ash poses a serious problem considering the air, water and soil problems. The solution to this problem lies in its bulk utilization of fly ash at dumping sites. This paper is summarized with brief details of the properties and design aspects of fly ash used in highway embankments

Assessment of Physicochemical Properties of Flash from TISCO Power Plant, Jamadoba, Jharia Coalfields, Jharkhand, India

This paper deals with some selected physicochemical properties of fly ash collected from a TISCO power plant at Jamadoba, Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India. The physical properties such as bulk density, moisture content, specific gravity, porosity water holding capacity and grain size distribution (sand, silt, clay) were measured, being 0.94gm/cc, 0.73%, 1.84%, 60.25% 76.55% and sand 63.3%, silt 32.6%, clay 2.6% respectively. The chemical properties included in this study were pH, electrical conductivity, organic carbon, cation exchange capacity and available nitrogen. The aim of the present study is to assess the suitability of fly ash of TISCO power plant at vegetation purposes in the low lying areas or degraded land. These physicochemical properties are of also great importance in the backfilling of opencast mines, plantation and reclamation of the abandoned opencast project

Modulation of inhibitory activity of xylanase - α-amylase inhibitor protein (XAIP): binding studies and crystal structure determination of XAIP- II from Scadoxus multiflorus at 1.2 Å resolution

Background: Plants produce a wide range of proteinaceous inhibitors to protect themselves against hydrolytic enzymes. Recently a novel protein XAIP belonging to a new sub-family (GH18C) was reported to inhibit two structurally unrelated enzymes xylanase GH11 and α -amylase GH13. It was shown to inhibit xylanase GH11 with greater potency than that of α-amylase GH13. A new form of XAIP (XAIP-II) that inhibits α-amylase GH13 with a greater potency than that of XAIP and xylanase GH11 with a lower potency than that of XAIP, has been identified in the extracts of underground bulbs of Scadoxus multiflorus. This kind of occurrence of isoforms of inhibitor proteins is a rare observation and offers new opportunities for understanding the principles of protein engineering by nature. Results: In order to determine the structural basis of the enhanced potency of XAIP-II against α-amylase GH13 and its reduced potency against xylanase GH11 as compared to that of XAIP, we have purified XAIP-II to homogeneity and obtained its complete amino acid sequence using cloning procedure. It has been crystallized with 0.1 M ammonium sulphate as the precipitating agent and the three-dimensional structure has been determined at 1.2 Å resolution. The binding studies of XAIP-II with xylanase GH11 and α-amylase GH13 have been carried out with surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Conclusion: The structure determination revealed that XAIP-II adopts the well known TIM barrel fold. The xylanase GH11 binding site in XAIP-II is formed mainly with loop α3-β3 (residues, 102 - 118) which has acquired a stereochemically less favorable conformation for binding to xylanase GH11 because of the addition of an extra residue, Ala105 and due to replacements of two important residues, His106 and Asn109 by Thr107 and Ser110. On the other hand, the α-amylase binding site, which consists of α-helices α6 (residues, 193 - 206), α7 (residues, 230 - 243) and loop β6-α6 (residues, 180 - 192) adopts a stereochemically more favorable conformation due to replacements of residues, Ser190, Gly191 and Glu194 by Ala191, Ser192 and Ser195 respectively in α-helix α6, Glu231 and His236 by Thr232 and Ser237 respectively in α-helix α7. As a result, XAIP-II binds to xylanase GH11 less favorably while it interacts more strongly with α-amylase GH13 as compared to XAIP. These observations correlate well with the values of 4.2 × 10-6 M and 3.4 × 10-8 M for the dissociation constants of XAIP-II with xylanase GH11 and α-amylase GH13 respectively and those of 4.5 × 10-7 M and 3.6 × 10-6 M of XAIP with xylanase GH11 and α-amylase GH13 respectively

Productivity, water use efficiency and soil properties of sugarcane as influenced by trash mulching and irrigation regimes under different planting systems in sandy loam soils

IntroductionIn the era of climate change, sugarcane used to face a problem associated with water shortage due to erratic rainfall patterns and lowered water tables. Improved water use efficiency using innovative crop management strategy is needed for sustainable sugarcane production. Trash mulching with different irrigation regimes can effectively modify the plant's hydrothermal micro-environment for increasing cane yield and water productivity.MethodsKeeping this in the background, a field experiment was conducted at Sugarcane Research Institute, RPCAU, Pusa, India, from 2016–17 to 2018–19 to investigate the effects of trash mulching and irrigation regimes on sugarcane productivity, water use efficiency (WUE) and soil properties in different planting systems. The field experiment comprised 12 treatments including four planting methods viz. conventional flat planting (CF; 75 cm row spacing) with trash mulching (6 t ha−1), CF planting (75 cm row spacing) without trash mulching (6 t ha−1), paired row trench (PT) planting (30: 120 cm row spacing) with trash mulching (6 t ha−1), PT planting (30: 120 cm row spacing) without trash mulching (6 t ha−1) and three irrigation schedules consisted of irrigation water (IW); cumulative pan evaporation (CPE) ratio of 0.60, 0.80, and 1.00 was laid out in strip plot design with three replications.Results and discussionThe cane yield (103.5 t ha−1) was found significantly higher in PT planting with trash mulching over the CF planting method with or without mulching. Concerning irrigation regimes using the IW/CPE ratio, it was found that the IW/CPE of 0.6 resulted in 16.9, 13.3% higher water-use efficiency, and 37.1, 40.7% higher water productivity over those under IW/CPE of 0.8, and 1.00, respectively. Furthermore, soil parameters like soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC) and dehydrogenase activity were increased by 12.5, and 17.5 % due to trash mulching with trench planting as compared to those under conventional flat planting without mulching. The results suggest that planting sugarcane in paired rows and irrigation scheduling at 1.00 IW/CPE with the adoption of trash mulching practices is effective for increasing profitability by way of higher sugarcane productivity and water productivity and also in sustaining soil health