Copper and nickel supported FSM-16 molecular sieves for carbon nanotube production

FSM-16, Cu-FSM-16 and Ni-FSM-16 type folded sheet mesoporous materials has been synthesized by using kanemite and hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide as a template. 1, 5, 10 wt % Cu and Ni were loaded by simple impregnation method. The X-ray diffraction and N2 sorption characteristics show that the resultant materials has uniform pore structure with hexagonal well ordered arrangement. BET surface area, pore volume nd pore diameters were decreased as the metal loading increased. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been synthesized within the metal trapped channels of the FSM-16 via chemical vapor deposition using acetylene as the hydrocarbon source. The resultant nanotubes were compared under similar reaction conditions and they were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman Spectroscopy, AFM and TGA

Production of carbon nanotubes over Fe-FSM-16 catalytic material: effect of acetylene flow rate and CVD temperature

In this article, a high-yield synthesis of high-quality CNTs using Fe catalysts trapped within channels of Folded Sheet Mesoporous Materials, FSM-16 by Chemical Vapor Deposition CVD using acetylene as a hydrocarbon source is reported. The effect of reaction temperature and acetylene flow rate on the formation of CNTs was investigated. It was found that the yield, diameter and quality of CNTs synthesized strongly depend on reaction temperature during CVD. The resulting materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Our research found that carbon deposition, diameter and quality of the CNTs strongly depend on CVD temperature. However acetylene flow rate did not have any significant effect on diameter distribution. Raman measurement indicated that the synthesized products were MWCNTs. High-resolution transmission electron micrographs of samples reveal the multilayer sidewalls of individual MWCNTs with a diameter of 40 nm, in which hollow and tubal structures were observed

Production of carbon nanotubes over Fe-FSM-16 catalytic material: effect of acetylene flow rate and CVD temperature

In this article, a high-yield synthesis of high-quality CNTs using Fe catalysts trapped within channels of Folded Sheet Mesoporous Materials, FSM-16 by Chemical Vapor Deposition CVD using acetylene as a hydrocarbon source is reported. The effect of reaction temperature and acetylene flow rate on the formation of CNTs was investigated. It was found that the yield, diameter and quality of CNTs synthesized strongly depend on reaction temperature during CVD. The resulting materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Our research found that carbon deposition, diameter and quality of the CNTs strongly depend on CVD temperature. However acetylene flow rate did not have any significant effect on diameter distribution. Raman measurement indicated that the synthesized products were MWCNTs. High-resolution transmission electron micrographs of samples reveal the multilayer sidewalls of individual MWCNTs with a diameter of 40 nm, in which hollow and tubal structures were observed

Production of carbon nanotubes using Fe-FSM-16, co-FSM-16 and Ni-FSM-16 type mesoporous catalytic materials by chemical vapor deposition

FSM-16 was synthesized and loaded with 2 and 4 wt % Fe, Co, and Ni by impregnation method. These catalytic materials were tested in the production of carbon nanotubes using the CVD method. The synthesized materials were characterized by XRD, 29Si- NMR, N₂ [Nitrogen] physisorption, and SEM-EDS. The effect of metal concentration on structural characteristics of the mesoporous material was studied. XRD results demonstrated that Fe, Co and Ni modified FSM-16 had hexagonal mesoporous structure. However, both XRD and 29Si-NMR characterization proved, as the metal concentration increased, hexagonal mesoporous structure was partially lost. According to BET results, the surface area, pore volume and pore diameter decreased due to metal impregnation. This was an indication of deterioration of silica matrix. SEM results exhibited the morphological differences between FSM-16 and Fe, Co, and Ni modified FSM-16. Effect of experimental parameters such as metal concentration, reaction temperature and acetylene flow rate for CNTs growth were investigated by using Fe-FSM-16, Co-FSM- 16, and Ni-FSM-16. Synthesized CNTs were characterized by SEM, Raman spectroscopy and TGA. It was found that metal concentration (2-4 wt %), and reaction temparature (500-800ºC [degrees Celsius] were critical for CNTs formation. While each catalyst exhibited high production of CNTs at 700ºC [degrees Celsius] ; and, they were inactive at 500ºC [degrees Celsius]. The diameter of CNTs changed with synthesis temperature, in particular the diameter of the CNTs increased with the reaction temperature. Ni-FSM-16 and Co-FSM-16 showed somewhat lower reactivity in formation CNTs with respect to Fe-FSM-16. Among the catalysts, 4 wt % Fe-FSM-16 improved the formation of CNTs. The effect of acetylene flow rate for CNTs diameters which grown on the 4 wt % Fe-FSM-16 was studied. It was observed that acetylene flow rate did not affect on the diameter of the synthesized CNTs significantly. Diameters of CNTs were almost the same, observed to be in the range of 20-35 nm. Raman measurement indicated that the synthesized products were MWCNTs since no SWCNTs characteristic features appeared in the RBM region. The characterization results demonstrated that CNTs formation with high efficiency was performed by using 4 wt % Fe-FSM-16 with 80 mL/min acetylene flow rate at 700ºC [degrees Celsius] for 30 min

Co-firing of biomass with coals Part 1. Thermogravimetric kinetic analysis of combustion of fir (abies bornmulleriana) wood

The chemical composition and reactivity of fir (Abies bornmulleriana) wood under non-isothermal thermogravimetric (TG) conditions were studied. Oxidation of the wood sample at temperatures near 600 A degrees C caused the loss of aliphatics from the structure of the wood and created a char heavily containing C-O functionalities and of highly aromatic character. On-line FTIR recordings of the combustion of wood indicated the oxidation of carbonaceous and hydrogen content of the wood and release of some hydrocarbons due to pyrolysis reactions that occurred during combustion of the wood. TG analysis was used to study combustion of fir wood. Non-isothermal TG data were used to evaluate the kinetics of the combustion of this carbonaceous material. The article reports application of Ozawa-Flynn-Wall model to deal with non-isothermal TG data for the evaluation of the activation energy corresponding to the combustion of the fir wood. The average activation energy related to fir wood combustion was 128.9 kJ/mol, and the average reaction order for the combustion of wood was calculated as 0.30

Video tabanlı eğitimin total kalça protezli hastaların günlük yaşam aktivitelerine, yara iyileşmesine ve protez dislokasyonuna etkisi

01.05.2023 tarihine kadar kullanımı yazar tarafından kısıtlanmıştırAim: This study was conducted to examine the effects of video-based education on the activities of daily living, wound healing and prosthesis dislocation of patients who had total hip replacement surgery. Materials and Methods: The research was carried out as a randomized controlled trial between January 2021 and August 2022 in Balıkesir Bandırma Training and Research Hospital, Orthopedics Clinic. Patients who met the inclusion criteria were included in the practice (video-based training) and control (standard nursing care) groups by randomizer.org using random numbers. In the collection of research data; Individual Information Form, Standardized Mini Mental Test, Barthel Activities of Daily Living Index, Oxford Hip Score, and Patient and Observer Scar Evaluation Scale were used. Individual Identification Form, Barthel Activities of Daily Living Index and Oxford Hip Score were applied to both groups before surgery. Preoperative video-based training was given to the application group, and the control group received routine nursing care without any training. The Barthel Activities of Daily Living and the Patient and Observer Scar Evaluation Scale were applied to both groups on the 5th postoperative day. Video-based training was repeated on the 2nd or 3rd postoperative day in the application group, and the control group received routine nursing care. Before discharge, video-based training was uploaded to the phones or computers of the patients and caregivers in the application group, and the patients and caregivers could benefit from this training video whenever they wanted. The patients in the control group were discharged after receiving routine discharge training. On the 30th postoperative day, Barthel Activities of Daily Living, Oxfort Hip Score, and Patient and Observer Scar Rating Scale were applied to both groups. Descriptive statistical methods (frequency, mean) were used in the analysis of the data. In the analysis of normally distributed variables, Student's t test was used in independent groups and the relationship between multiple independent variables was evaluated with ANOVA test. Analysis of variance was used in repeated measurements in the evaluation of in-group quantitative data. Pearson correlation analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between quantitative variables, and Fisher's Exact and Pearson Chi-square tests were used to compare qualitative data. Ethics committee approval was obtained from Ege University Medical Research Ethics Committee, written institutional permission from Balıkesir Provincial Health Directorate, and written consent was obtained from the patients who agreed to participate in the study, with an informed consent form after the explanation regarding the purpose of the study. Results: The research was carried out with a total of 60 patients, 30 in the application group and 30 in the control group. It was determined that the application and control groups were homogeneous in terms of their descriptive and health-related features. The postoperative (5th and 30th days) Barthel ADL Index mean scores of the patients in the treatment group were found to be statistically significantly higher than the mean scores of the patients in the control group (p0.05). The postoperative 30th day Oxford Hip Score mean scores of the patients in the treatment group were found to be statistically significantly lower than the mean scores of the patients in the control group (p0.05). Patient and Observer Scar Evaluation Scale mean scores of the patients in the treatment group were found to be statistically significantly lower than the mean scores of the patients in the control group (p0.05). Conclusion: It has been found that video-based education is an effective education method in performing the daily life activities and hip function of patients who have had total hip replacement surgery, and positively affects the wound healing process. Keywords: Total Hip Replacement; Wound healing; Activities of Daily Living; Hip FunctionAmaç: Bu araştırma, video tabanlı eğitimin total kalça protez ameliyatı olan hastaların günlük yaşam aktivitelerine, yara iyileşmesine ve protez dislokasyonuna etkisini incelemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Araştırma Balıkesir Bandırma Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, Ortopedi Kliniği'nde Ocak 2021-Ağustos 2022 tarihleri arasında randomize kontrollü bir araştırma olarak yürütülmüştür. Araştırmaya dahil edilme ölçütlerine uyan hastalar randomizer.org tarafından rastgele sayılar kullanılarak uygulama (video tabanlı eğitim), ve kontrol (standart hemşirelik bakımı) grubuna alınmıştır. Araştırma verilerinin toplanmasında; Birey Tanıtım Formu, Standardize Mini Mental Test, Barthel Günlük Yaşam Aktiviteleri İndeksi, Oxford Kalça Skoru, Hasta ve Gözlemci Skar Değerlendirme Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Her iki gruba da ameliyat öncesi Birey Tanıtım Formu, Barthel Günlük Yaşam Aktiviteleri İndeksi ve Oxford Kalça Skoru uygulanmıştır. Uygulama grubuna ameliyat öncesi video tabanlı eğitim verilmiştir, kontrol grubuna herhangi bir eğitim verilmemiş rutin hemşirelik bakımı almışlardır. Ameliyat sonrası 5.gün her iki gruba da Barthel Günlük Yaşam Aktiviteleri ve Hasta ve Gözlemci Skar Değerlendirme Ölçeği uygulanmıştır. Uygulama grubuna ameliyat sonrası 2 veya 3.günde video tabanlı eğitim tekrarı yapılmıştır, kontrol grubu rutin hemşirelik bakımı almıştır. Taburculuktan önce uygulama grubunda yer alan hastaların ve bakım vericilerinin telefonlarına veya bilgisayarlarına video tabanlı eğitim yüklenmiştir, hasta ve bakım vericiler istedikleri zaman bu eğitim videosundan yararlanabilmiştir. Kontrol grubunda yer alan hastalar ise rutin taburculuk eğitimi alarak taburcu olmuşlardır. Ameliyat sonrası 30.gün her iki gruba da Barthel Günlük Yaşam Aktiviteleri, Oxfort Kalça Skoru ve Hasta ve Gözlemci Skar Değerlendirme Ölçeği uygulanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde tanımlayıcı istatistiksel yöntemler (frekans, ortalama)uygulanmıştır. Normal dağılım gösteren değişkenlerin analizinde bağımsız gruplarda Student t testi, çoklu bağımsız değişkenler arasındaki ilişki ANOVA testi ile değerlendirilmiştir. Grup içi nicel verilerin değerlendirilmesinde tekrarlı ölçümlerde varyans analizinden yararlanılmıştır. Nicel değişkenler arasındaki ilişkinin değerlendirilmesinde Pearson kolerasyon analizi, niteliksel verilerin karşılaştırılmasında Fisher's Exact, Pearson Ki-kare testleri uygulanmıştır. Araştırmanın uygulanması için Ege Üniversitesi Tıbbi Araştırmalar Etik Kurulu'ndan etik kurul onayı, Balıkesir İl Sağlık Müdürlüğü'nden yazılı kurum izni, araştırmaya katılmayı kabul eden hastalardan ise araştırmanın amacına ilişkin yapılan açıklama sonrası bilgilendirilmiş onam formu ile yazılı izin alınmıştır. Bulgular: Araştırma uygulama grubu 30, kontrol grubu 30 olmak üzere toplam 60 hasta ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Uygulama ve kontrol grubunun, tanıtıcı özellikleri ile sağlık durumuna ilişkin özellikleri açısından homojen olduğu saptanmıştır. Uygulama grubunda yer alan hastaların ameliyat sonrası (5.gün ve 30.gün) Barthel GYA İndeksi puan ortalamalarının, kontrol grubunda yer alan hastaların puan ortalamalarından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı derecede yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur (p0.05). Uygulama grubunda yer alan hastaların ameliyat sonrası 30.gün Oxford Kalça Skoru ölçeği puan ortalamalarının, kontrol grubunda yer alan hastaların puan ortalamalarından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı derecede düşük olduğu bulunmuştur (p0.05). Uygulama grubunda yer alan hastaların Hasta ve Gözlemci Skar Değerlendirme Ölçeği puan ortalamalarının, kontrol grubunda yer alan hastaların puan ortalamalarından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı derecede düşük olduğu bulunmuştur (p0.05). Sonuç: Video tabanlı eğitimin total kalça protezi ameliyatı olmuş hastaların günlük yaşam aktivitelerini ve kalça işlevini yerine getirmede etkili bir eğitim yöntemi olduğu, yara iyileşme sürecini olumlu yönde etkilediği bulunmuştur

Determınatıon Of Nursıng Interventıons For Preventıon Of Medıcatıon Admınıstratıon Errors

İlaç hatalarının önlenmesinde hemşireler önemli bir role sahiptir. Bu araştırma ilaç uygulama hatalarının önlenmesine yönelik hemşirelik girişimlerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla tanımlayıcı olarak yapılmıştır. Araştırma Gazi Üniversitesi Sağlık Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezi Gazi Hastanesi ve Memorial Ankara Hastanesi nde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmanın yapılabilmesi için etik kurul onayı, kurumlardan yazılı izin ve hemşirelerden izin alınmıştır. Verilerin toplanmasında tanıtıcı özellikler formu, hemşirelerin ilaç uygulama hatalarına ilişkin özellikler formu, ilaç hatalarını önlemeye yönelik hemşirenin aldığı önlemler formu ve ilaç hatalarını önlemeye yönelik kurumsal önlemler formu kullanılmıştır. Araştırmaya aktif olarak ilaç uygulaması yapan 275 hemşire dahil edilmiştir. Elde edilen verilerin değerlendirmesinde yüzdelik, ortalama, standart sapma, Tek yönlü Anova testi, Kruskal Wallis ve korelasyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda hemşirelerin % 87,2 si hastanın ismi, ilacın ismi, ilaç dozu, ilacın uygulama yolunu her zaman kontrol ettiğini, %8 i ise çok nadir ilacı özelliklerine göre doğru hazırlama şeklini araştırdığını belirtmiştir. Lisansüstü eğitim alan, mesleğini kendi isteğiyle seçen ve mesleğinden memnun olan, hemşirelerin diğer hemşirelere göre ilaç hatalarını önlemeye yönelik yaptıkları girişimlerin daha fazla olduğu bulunmuştur (p<0,05). Araştırmada kurumlar tarafından alınan önlemler arttıkça, hemşirelerin ilaç hatalarını önlemeye yönelik aldıkları önlemlerin azaldığı bulunmuştur. Hemşirelerin % 96,6 sı hemşire sayısının artırılmasını önermiştir. Sonuç olarak, ilaç uygulamaları ile ilgili standartlar geliştirilmesi, kurumsal önlemler için gelişen teknolojinin kullanılması, hemşirelik temel eğitim müfredatında ilaç uygulamalarına ilişkin ders veya konuların genişletilmesi hizmet içi eğitimlerin ve faaliyetlerin artırılması önerilmektedir.Nurses play an important role in preventing medication errors. This study was conducted descriptively for the purpose of determining nursing interventions aimed at preventing drug errors. The study was carried out in Gazi University Health Research and Application Center Gazi Hospital and Memorial Ankara Hospital. In order to conduct the study, we received an ethical committee approval, written permissions from the institutions and consents from nurses. The data were collected using an introductory characteristics form, characteristics form concerning drug errors of nurses, form concerning precautions taken by nurses to prevent drug errors and institutional precautions form for preventing drug errors. Nurses applying active drugs were included in the study. The acquired data were evaluated using percentage, mean, standard deviation, One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Kruskal Wallis and correlation analysis. As a result of the study, it was determined that 87,2% of nurses always checked the name of a patient, names of drugs, dose of drugs and methods of application, whereas 8% seldomly investigated how to prepare drugs properly according to their characteristics. Concerning the precautions to be taken by institutions; 96,6% of nurses suggested to increase the number of nurses. It was determined that nurses who had done master degree, chosen their profession willingly and were pleased with their profession had more interventions aimed at preventing drug errors than other nurses (p<0,05). In the study that as the precautions taken by institutions increased, precautions of nurses decreased. 96.6% of the nurses ' views on the measures to be taken by the institutions suggested that the number of nurses should be increased. As a consequence, it is recommended to develop standards on drug applications, use advancing technology in institutions, expand lessons or subjects concerning drug applications in the basic nursing curriculum and increase in-service trainings

Co-firing of biomass with coals: part 2. thermogravimetric kinetic analysis of co-combustion of fir (abies bornmulleriana) wood with Beypazari lignite

The combustion of coal and coal/fir (Abies bornmulleriana) wood blends at the proper ratio (20, 40, 50 wt%) was investigated with thermogravimetric analysis (TG). The influence of biomass blends on thermal and kinetic behavior of coal was studied under non-isothermal conditions. The activation energy of the samples was evaluated with the Ozawa–Flynn–Wall model which compares the combustion of these biowastes with coal under non-isothermal conditions. Our research found that blending influences activation energy of coal; moreover, activation energy related to 50 wt% blend was more similar to pure wood combustion than to coal combustion. Therefore, the activation energy profile shifted from 80.6 to 169.3 kJ/mol. The average reaction order of the samples ranged from 0.13 to 0.35

Türkiye’de halıcılık ve Şark Halı Pazarı

Ankara : İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent Üniversitesi İktisadi, İdari ve Sosyal Bilimler Fakültesi, Tarih Bölümü, 2015.This work is a student project of the The Department of History, Faculty of Economics, Administrative and Social Sciences, İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent University.by Özer, Abdürrahim