Aid and AIDS: a delicate cocktail

Development assistance targeting health overwhelmingly concentrates on HIV/AIDS. This column argues that that focus neglects critical demographic issues and degrades health infrastructure, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa. The prime rule for AIDS aid should be “First, do no harm”.

At the Crossroads: Mining Policy in Greenland

Despite formidable physical barriers, mining has taken place in Greenland for more than 100 years. Initially it was by royal concession but without a formal regulatory framework; later there were a few guiding principles laid down by law and elaborated administratively to suit the occasion. One previous attempt had been made to devise a policy that would attract investment, but the resulting mining legislation did not seem to have served this purpose. A policy review initiated in 1989 as a result of a growing need for alternatives to the ailing Greenlandic fishing industry recently resulted in the enactment of new mining and tax legislation. The new Mining Act is the first step on the road towards development of Greenland's resources. The real test, however, will come when one or more projects enter the development phase. Then the management of impact of these projects and the revenues they generate will be central to a successful mining policy.Key words: Greenland, mining policy, economic development;resource extractionRÉSUMÉ. Malgré d’énormes obstacles physiques, les ressources minérales du Groenland ont été exploitées depuis plus de 100 ans. L’exploitation s’est faite tout d’abord par concession royale, mais en l’absence d’un cadre législatif et réglementaire; il y a eu ensuite quelques principes directeursétablis par la loi et précisés par l’administration en fonction des cas. Il y avait eu précédemment une tentative pour créer une politique qui attirerait les investisseurs, mais la législation minière qui en résulta ne semblait pas servir cette fin. Une révision des politiques lancée en 1989 et résultant du besoin croissant de trouver une alternative à l’industrie de la pêche groenlandaise qui est mal en point, aboutit à la promulgation de nouvelles lois sur les mines et de nouvelles lois fiscales. La nouvelle loi sur les mines représente le premier pas vers la mise en valeur des ressources du Groenland. Le vrai test viendra cependant lorsqu’un ou plusieurs projets entreront dans la phase dedéveloppement. La gestion de l’impact de ces projets et des revenus qu’ils généreront sera alors essentielle au succès del a politique minière.Mots clés: Groenland, politique d’exploitation minière, développement, exploitation des ressource

Effets de l’expérience sur la perception de mélanges odorants chez l’Homme adulte et le lapereau nouveau-né

 Prix du meilleur poster• L’organisme est exposé à un environnement chimique complexe (mélanges d’odorants) duquel il doit extraire l’information.• Un signal véhiculé par un mélange peut être perçu de façon analytique AB = A+B et/ou synthétique AB = M (mélange)• Homme ->perception d’un mélange AB de façon partiellement synthétique (Le Berre et al.,2008)• Lapereaux -> perception du mélange AB de façon synthétique et analytique (Coureaud et al., 2008, 2009)Objectifs : Comment l’expérience influence-t-elle la perception de ce mélange AB et de ses composants A et B?Qu’en est-il pour un mélange perçu initialement de façon analytique (AC ou CD)

Livelihood diversification and the expansion of artisanal mining in rural Tanzania: drivers and policy implications

This paper provides an extended analysis of livelihood diversification in rural Tanzania, with special emphasis on artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM). Over the past decade, this sector of industry, which is labour-intensive and comprises an array of rudimentary and semi-mechanized operations, has become an indispensable economic activity throughout Sub-Saharan Africa, providing employment to a host of redundant public sector workers, retrenched large-scale mine labourers and poor farmers. In many of the region’s rural areas, it is overtaking subsistence agriculture as the primary industry. Such a pattern appears to be unfolding within the Morogoro and Mbeya regions of southern Tanzania, where findings from recent research suggest that a growing number of smallholder farmers are turning to ASM for employment and financial support. It is imperative that national rural development programmes take this trend into account and provide support to these people

Fragmentation and hierarchies in Argentina’s maternal health services as barriers to access, continuity and comprehensiveness of care

This paper aims to uncover the ways in which institutional regulations of maternal care services offered by the public health system in Argentina generate various forms of fragmentation and hierarchical organization that create barriers to access, continuity, and comprehensiveness of care. The conceptual and methodological tools of institutional ethnography are used as a guide for analysis of interviews with women and health agents from a province of the country’s Western region, as well as participant observation at regional hospitals and local health centers. The barriers identified and analyzed are related to regulations of time(s), space(s), and hierarchies among the health professions involved in service provision related to maternal health.Keywords: maternal health; institutional ethnography; institutional time; institutional space; hierarchies; pregnancy; Argentina; public healthcar

Advertised Meeting-the-Competition Clauses: Collusion Instead of Price Discrimination

Pricing strategies may include the advertising of meeting-the-competition clauses (MCCs). We show in a specific spatial model scenario with differently informed consumers that MCCs primarily serve as a device to facilitate collu-sion instead of allowing for price discrimination between these consumers.Meeting-the-competition clauses; advertising; price discrimination; competi-tion; collusion

Impact Evaluation of Merger Decisions

This paper provides a comparative analysis of methods for the empirical ex post evaluation of merger control decisions. It develops a competition-policy oriented framework of assessment criteria for the leading evaluation methods and applies them to structural modeling and simulation, differences-in-differences methods, event studies as well as survey-based methods. It concludes that a method-mix is recommendable, however, under the exclusion of event studies that fail to secure a minimum level of reliability regarding the evaluation results. Furthermore, it warns against overly optimistic expectations about the effects of systematic impact evaluations of merger decisions. I like to thank the participants of the OECD Roundtable „Impact Evaluation of Merger Decisions“ (Paris, Juni 2011), Arndt Christiansen and Knud Sinding for valua-ble comments on earlier versions of this paper as well as Janne Mordhorst for valuable editorial assistance.Empirical methods of industrial organization, merger control, competition policy, antitrust decisions, comparative analysis

Review for the generalist: evaluation of anterior knee pain

Anterior knee pain is common in children and adolescents. Evaluation and management is challenging and requires a thorough history and physical exam, and understanding of the pediatric skeleton. This article will review common causes of chronic anterior knee pain in the pediatric population with a focus on patellofemoral pain