Influence of feed for horse nutrition on the chemical parameters and fatty acid composition of mare's milk

The aim of this research was to determine the influence of horse feed on selected nutritionally important components of mare’s milk with a focus on fat content: total fat, saturated fatty acids (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), stearic fatty acid, n-3 PUFA, n-6 PUFA, linoleic (LA) and α‑linolenic (ALA) fatty acids. Also, the chemical parameters of the fatty acid composition of feed for horses (briquettes and meadow hay) were examined. Research results showed that complete feed contains a higher crude protein and fat content than hay. In addition, there was a difference in the composition of fatty acids in the milk of mares fed meadow hay compared to briquettes. Accordingly, the diet of mares has an influence on the chemical and fatty acid composition of milk, but it is not the only factor that has an influence

Primers on Molecular Pathways: Bicarbonate Transport by the Pancreas

The pancreas has both endocrine and exocrine functions. As an endocrine organ, stimulation of the pancreatic β-cells results in insulin secretion to control systemic glucose levels. The exocrine function of the pancreas and the need for alkaline pancreatic secretion (pH 8.0–8.5) have been appreciated for more than 40 years. Yet, our knowledge of the cellular mechanisms (signaling, transporters and channels) which accomplish these critical functions has evolved greatly. In the mid-1990s, basolateral Na-bicarbonate (HCO3−) uptake by NBCe1 (Slc4a4) was shown to be critical for the generation of approximately 75% of stimulated HCO3− secretion. In the last 10 years, several new HCO3− transporters in the Slc26 family and their interaction with the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator-chloride channel have elucidated the HCO3− exit step at the ductal lumen. Most recently, both IRBIT (inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor-binding protein) and WNK [with no lysine (K)] kinase have been implicated as additional HCO3− secretory controllers