39 research outputs found
HIV and adolescents: focus on young key populations
Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/138345/1/jia20076.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/138345/2/jia20076-sup-0001.pd
Health effects of identifying patients with undiagnosed obstructive sleep apnea in the preoperative clinic: a follow-up study
Prevalence and correlates of probable common mental disorders in a population with high prevalence of HIV in Zimbabwe
Digital social interaction in older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic
Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, older adults have been encouraged to stay indoors and isolated, leading to potential disruptions in their social activities and interpersonal relationships. We conducted an interview study (N=24) to examine older adults' technology adoption and communication practices in light of new circumstances related to the pandemic. Our interviews revealed that the pandemic motivated many older adults to learn new technology and become more tech-savvy in an effort to stay connected with others. However, they also reported challenges related to the pandemic that were major impediments to technology adoption. These were: (1) lack of access to in-person technology support under physical distancing mandates, (2) lack of opportunities for online participation due to negative age stereotypes and assumptions, and (3) increased apprehension to seek help from family members and friends who were suffering from pandemic-related stresses. This study extends technology adoption literature and contributes an up-to-date examination of the "grey digital divide" (the gap between older adults who use technology and those who do not). Our findings demonstrate that despite the rapidly increasing number of tech-savvy seniors, a digital divide not only persists, but has been exacerbated by the transition to virtual-only offerings. We reveal the challenges and coping strategies of older adults who remain separated from technology, and propose actionable solutions to increase digital access during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond.Science, Faculty ofComputer Science, Department ofGraduat
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Nasal Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Factors Associated With Treatment Outcomes and Potential Organ Preservation
Background Squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal cavity (NCSCC) is a rare, challenging malignancy. Surgical resection of this tumor can cause significant facial deformity, and indications for adjuvant or organ preservation therapies are not well-described. Objective To examine the impact of treatment regimen on survival outcomes in NCSCC and to compare surgical to non-surgical based therapies. Methods The National Cancer Database was queried for NCSCC from 2004 to 2014. Patient demographics, tumor characteristics, and treatment regimen were compared for the entire cohort. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression was performed for statistical analysis of treatment regimen and surgical margins on overall survival (OS) for early and late-stage disease. Results A total of 1883 NCSCC patients were identified. The OS for the cohort was 83 months, and median age at diagnosis was 65 years. NCSCC patients who underwent surgery followed by adjuvant radiation therapy (RT) had a better OS compared to definitive RT (HR: 0.58, P < .001). In early stage NCSCC (T1/T2, N0), there was no significant difference in OS between patients treated with surgery only or surgery with adjuvant RT compared to definitive RT. In advanced stage NCSCC, surgery with adjuvant RT had a better OS compared to definitive chemoradiation. Having positive margins was shown to predict a worse OS when compared to negative margins in surgical patients despite adjuvant RT or chemoradiation. Conclusions NCSCC appears to be best treated with surgery followed by adjuvant RT in advanced-stage disease whereas in early-stage disease, surgery does not improve OS compared to definitive RT
Additional file 1 of A community-based health–social partnership program for community-dwelling older adults: a hybrid effectiveness–implementation pilot study
Additional file 1. Study flow of the programm
Additional file 2 of A community-based health–social partnership program for community-dwelling older adults: a hybrid effectiveness–implementation pilot study
Additional file 2
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Long-range Fourier domain optical coherence tomography of the pediatric subglottis.
BackgroundAcquired subglottic stenosis (SGS) most commonly results from prolonged endotracheal intubation and is a diagnostic challenge in the intubated child. At present, no imaging modality allows for in vivo characterization of subglottic microanatomy to identify early signs of acquired SGS while the child remains intubated. Fourier domain optical coherence tomography (FD-OCT) is a minimally invasive, light-based imaging modality which provides high resolution, three dimensional (3D) cross-sectional images of biological tissue. We used long-range FD-OCT to image the subglottis in intubated pediatric patients undergoing minor head and neck surgical procedures in the operating room.MethodsA long-range FD-OCT system and rotary optical probes (1.2mm and 0.7mm outer diameters) were constructed. Forty-six pediatric patients (ages 2-16 years) undergoing minor upper airway surgery (e.g., tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy) were selected for intraoperative, trans-endotracheal tube FD-OCT of the subglottis. Images were analyzed for anatomical landmarks and subepithelial histology. Volumetric image sets were rendered into virtual 3D airway models in Mimics software.ResultsFD-OCT was performed on 46 patients (ages 2-16 years) with no complications. Gross airway contour was visible on all 46 data sets. Twenty (43%) high-quality data sets clearly demonstrated airway anatomy (e.g., tracheal rings, cricoid and vocal folds) and layered microanatomy of the mucosa (e.g., epithelium, basement membrane and lamina propria). The remaining 26 data sets were discarded due to artifact, high signal-to-noise ratio or missing data. 3D airway models were allowed for user-controlled manipulation and multiplanar airway slicing (e.g., sagittal, coronal) for visualization of OCT data at multiple anatomic levels simultaneously.ConclusionsLong-range FD-OCT produces high-resolution, 3D volumetric images of the pediatric subglottis. This technology offers a safe and practical means for in vivo evaluation of lower airway microanatomy in intubated pediatric patients. Ultimately, FD-OCT may be applied to serial monitoring of the neonatal subglottis in long-term intubated infants at risk for acquired SGS