4-[(4-Fluoro­benzyl­idene)amino]-3-[1-(4-isobutyl­phen­yl)eth­yl]-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5(4H)-thione

In the title compound, C21H23FN4S, the benzene rings of the isobutyl­phenyl and fluoro­benzene units form dihedral angles of 75.89 (7) and 13.26 (7)°, respectively, with the triazole ring. An intra­molecular C—H⋯S hydrogen-bonding contact generates an S(6) ring motif. In the crystal packing, pairs of N—H⋯S hydrogen bonds link neighbouring mol­ecules into inversion dimers, forming R 2 2(8) ring motifs. The crystal structure is further stabilized by C—H⋯π inter­actions

2-(3-Oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzo­thia­zin-4-yl)acetic acid monohydrate

In the title compound, C10H9NO3S·H2O, the thio­morpholine ring exists in a conformation inter­mediate between twist-boat and half-chair. An inter­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bond links the acid and water mol­ecules together. In the crystal packing, inter­molecular O—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules into a three-dimensional network

An extension of Wiener integration with the use of operator theory

With the use of tensor product of Hilbert space, and a diagonalization procedure from operator theory, we derive an approximation formula for a general class of stochastic integrals. Further we establish a generalized Fourier expansion for these stochastic integrals. In our extension, we circumvent some of the limitations of the more widely used stochastic integral due to Wiener and Ito, i.e., stochastic integration with respect to Brownian motion. Finally we discuss the connection between the two approaches, as well as a priori estimates and applications.Comment: 13 page

Holographic Superconductor for a Lifshitz fixed point

We consider the gravity dual of strongly coupled system at a Lifshitz-fixed point and finite temperature, which was constructed in a recent work arXiv:0909.0263. We construct an Abelian Higgs model in that background and calculate condensation and conductivity using holographic techniques. We find that condensation happens and DC conductivity blows up when temperature turns below a critical value.Comment: 14 pages, 4 figures, v4: improved version, references adde

Digital interventions for screening and treating common mental disorders or common mental illness symptoms in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Digital interventions targeting common mental disorders (CMD) or CMD symptoms are fast-growing and gaining popularity, probably in response to the increased prevalence of CMD and better awareness of early help-seeking and self-care. However, no previous systematic reviews focusing on these novel interventions were found. Objectives: This systematic review aimed to scope entirely web-based interventions which provided screening and signposting for treatment, including self-management strategies, for people with CMD or sub-threshold symptoms. In addition, a meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of these interventions for mental wellbeing and mental health outcomes. Methods: Electronic databases (MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, EMBASE, CENTRAL, Web of Science, ASSIA, DARE, HTA, and NHS EED) were searched from 1st January 1999 to early April 2020. We included randomised controlled trials (RCT) which evaluated a digital intervention (1) targeting adults with common mental health disorder symptoms, (2) providing both screening and signposting to other resources including self-care, and (3) delivered entirely through the internet. Intervention characteristics including target population, platform used, key design features, and outcome measure results were extracted and compared. Trial outcome results were included in a meta-analysis on the effectiveness on users’ wellbeing and mental health outcomes. Health economic data were used to compile cost-effectiveness analysis. We also rated the meta-analysis results with GRADE to establish the quality of the evidence. Results: The electronic searches yielded 21 papers describing 16 discrete digital interventions. These interventions were investigated by 19 unique trials including one health economic study. Most studies were conducted in Australia and North America. Populations targeted varied from the general population to allied health professionals. All interventions offered algorithm-driven screening with measures to assess symptom levels and to assign treatment options including automatic online psychoeducation, self-care strategies, and signposting to existing services. Meta-analysis of usable trial data showed that digital interventions improve wellbeing (3 RCTs, n = 1307, SMD 0.40, 95% CI 0.29 to 0.51, I2 = 28%, fixed effect), mental illness symptoms (6 RCTs, n = 992, SMD -0.29, 95% CI -0.49 to -0.09, I2 = 51%, random effects) and work and social functioning (3 RCTs, n = 795, SMD -0.16, 95% CI -0.30 to -0.02, I2 = 0%, fixed effect) comparing to waitlist or attention-control. However, scarce follow-up data failed to show any sustained effects beyond the post-intervention timepoint. Data on mechanisms of change and cost-effectiveness was also lacking, precluding further analysis. Conclusions: Digital mental health interventions to assess and signpost people experiencing CMD symptoms appear to be acceptable to sufficient number of people and to have enough evidence for effectiveness to warrant further study. We recommend future studies incorporate economic analysis and process evaluation to assess mechanism of actions and cost-effectiveness so to aid scaling up implementation

Entropy Encoding, Hilbert Space and Karhunen-Loeve Transforms

By introducing Hilbert space and operators, we show how probabilities, approximations and entropy encoding from signal and image processing allow precise formulas and quantitative estimates. Our main results yield orthogonal bases which optimize distinct measures of data encoding.Comment: 25 pages, 1 figur

Weak Mixing Angle and Higgs Mass in Gauge-Higgs Unification Models with Brane Kinetic Terms

We show that the idea of Gauge-Higgs unification(GHU) can be rescued from the constraint of weak mixing angle by introducing localized brane kinetic terms in higher dimensional GHU models with bulk and simple gauge groups. We find that those terms lead to a ratio between Higgs and W boson masses, which is a little bit deviated from the one derived in the standard model. From numerical analysis, we find that the current lower bound on the Higgs mass tends to prefer to exceptional groups E(6), E(7), E(8) rather than other groups like SU(3l), SO(2n+1), G(2), and F(4) in 6-dimensional(D) GHU models irrespective of the compactification scales. For the compactification scale below 1 TeV, the Higgs masses in 6D GHU models with SU(3l), SO(2n+1), G(2), and F(4) groups are predicted to be less than the current lower bound unless a model parameter responsible for re-scaling SU(2) gauge coupling is taken to be unnaturally large enough. To see how the situation is changed in more higher dimensional GHU model, we take 7D S^{3}/ Z_{2} and 8D T^{4}/ Z_{2} models. It turns out from our numerical analysis that these higher dimensional GHU models with gauge groups except for E(6) can lead to the Higgs boson whose masses are predicted to be above the current lower bound only for the compatification scale above 1 TeV without taking unnaturally large value of the model parameter, whereas the Higgs masses in the GHU models with E(6) are compatible with the current lower bound even for the compatification scale below 1 TeV.Comment: 22 pages, 4 figure

RG flow of transport quantities

The RG flow equation of various transport quantities are studied in arbitrary spacetime dimensions, in the fixed as well as fluctuating background geometry both for the Maxwellian and DBI type of actions. The regularity condition on the flow equation of the conductivity at the horizon for the DBI action reproduces naturally the leading order result of {\it Hartnoll et al.}, [{\it JHEP}, {\bf 04}, 120 (2010)]. Motivated by the result of {\it van der Marel et al.}, [{\it science}, {\bf 425}, 271 (2003], we studied, analytically, the conductivity versus frequency plane by dividing it into three distinct parts: $\omega T$ and $\omega >> T$. In order to compare, we choose 3+1 dimensional bulk spacetime for the computation of the conductivity. In the $\omega <T$ range, the conductivity does not show up the Drude like form in any spacetime dimensions. In the $\omega > T$ range and staying away from the horizon, for the DBI action with unit dynamical exponent, non-zero magnetic field and charge density, the conductivity goes as $\omega^{-2/3}$, whereas the phase of the conductivity, goes as, $ArcTan(Im\sigma^{xx}/Re\sigma^{xx})=\pi/6$ and $ArcTan(Im\sigma^{xy}/Re\sigma^{xy})=-\pi/3$. There exists a universal quantity at the horizon that is the phase angle of conductivity, which either vanishes or an integral multiple of $\pi$. Furthermore, we calculate the temperature dependence to the thermoelectric and the thermal conductivity at the horizon. The charge diffusion constant for the DBI action is studied.Comment: 1+68 pages, 12 figures and 4 appendices; V2: The charge diffusion constant is calculated for arbitrary spacetime dimensions and related references added; v3: Connection with the RG flow of 1010.4036 is made; v4: Several corrections, typos fixed and a ref. adde

Augmented Reality in Astrophysics

Augmented Reality consists of merging live images with virtual layers of information. The rapid growth in the popularity of smartphones and tablets over recent years has provided a large base of potential users of Augmented Reality technology, and virtual layers of information can now be attached to a wide variety of physical objects. In this article, we explore the potential of Augmented Reality for astrophysical research with two distinct experiments: (1) Augmented Posters and (2) Augmented Articles. We demonstrate that the emerging technology of Augmented Reality can already be used and implemented without expert knowledge using currently available apps. Our experiments highlight the potential of Augmented Reality to improve the communication of scientific results in the field of astrophysics. We also present feedback gathered from the Australian astrophysics community that reveals evidence of some interest in this technology by astronomers who experimented with Augmented Posters. In addition, we discuss possible future trends for Augmented Reality applications in astrophysics, and explore the current limitations associated with the technology. This Augmented Article, the first of its kind, is designed to allow the reader to directly experiment with this technology.Comment: 15 pages, 11 figures. Accepted for publication in Ap&SS. The final publication will be available at link.springer.co