A compilation of observations from moored current meters. Vol. 13. Currents, temperature and pressure southeast of New Zealand, April 1978-May 1980

Observations were made southeast of New Zealand from April 1978 to May 1980 with the objectives of investigating the dynamics of low-frequency motions and their effects on the Antarctic Circumpolar Current; and the formation of subantarctic mode water on Campbell Plateau. Self-recording instruments were deployed during a 7-month period from April to November 1978, and during an 18-month period from November 1978 to May 1980. The 7-month array consisted of 15 Aanderaa current meters and 5 Aanderaa thermistor chains. The 18-month array consisted of 3 Aanderaa current meters. Measurements from these instruments are summarized in this report through statistical tables, progressive vector diagrams, real time plots, rotary and standard spectra, and stick figures

Deep western boundary currents in the southwestern Pacific Ocean : WOCE PCM-9 : February 1991-December 1992

This report describes current meter measurements from an experiment to measure the deep western boundary current that carries dense water from the Antarctic to the Pacific Ocean. The field measurements were conducted as part of a joint two year experiment by Oregon State University, Texas A&M University, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and the New Zealand Oceanographic Institute. The effective western boundary for deep waters in the South Pacific is located east of New Zealand and consists of the Campbell Plateau, Chatham Rise and the Kermadec and Tonga Ridges. Because there is no substantial source of dense bottom waters in the North Pacific, all the deep and bottom waters of both the North and South Pacific have their origin in the Antarctic, and are carried north in a deep western boundary current (DWBC). Neither the sinking of dense water in a few places near the Antarctic Continent nor the general upwelling of this water throughout the rest of the world ocean are easily measurable; since the DWBC is the sole source of deep inflow for the world's largest ocean, knowledge of its strength and variability is critical to a better understanding of the ventilation and heat balance of the Pacific. No direct measurements had ever been made in the DWBC in the Pacific, and evidence of its width could only be made from hydrographic evidence. It was decided to deploy the U.S. resources along a 1000-km line at 32.5°S extending east from the western boundary (Fig. 1, Table 1). Three nominal depths were instrumented: about 200m above the bottom, 4500m, and 2500m (Fig. 2). The 2500m level was selected because it was anticipated that it is near the top of the DWBC in the west, and should show predominately northward flow in the eastern part of the array. The array was deployed in January and February, 1991 from the RN Rapuhia operated by the New Zealand Oceanographic Institute. It consisted of 20 sub-surface moorings, with a total of 60 current meters. It was recovered in November and December, 1992 by the FN Giljanes. The acoustic releases failed on four of the mooring. Partial instrumentation on three of these were recovered by dragging. Mooring 8 was not recovered. The top instrument on Mooring 14 sunk during recovery. A total of 53 current meters were recovered. The experiment was called MAPKIWI, but nobody remembers why. The MAPKIWI current meter array contributes to the World Ocean Circulation experiment and is identified by that program as PCM-9

Abyssal boundary current studies, current measurements north of the Falkland Plateau: January 1986-April 1987

The data described in this report were collected in support of the program, Abyssal Boundary Current Studies, funded by the National Science Foundation. This program was designed to improve our understanding of the structure and variability of the deep western boundary currents and to estimate their transport of heat and mass. Some of these deep western boundary currents are formed by the northward flow of the Antarctic Bottom Water along the eastern margins of the southern continents and ridges. In particular these data are from the energetic flow of this Bottom Water entering the South Atlantic

Benguela Source and Transport Project (BEST) : current measurements off the coast of South Africa : WOCE ACM-4, June 1992-October 1993

The BEST (Benguela Source and Transport) project was designed to investigate the form of the Benguela Current and ratio of the Aguhlhas Current and South Atlantic Current source waters masses. The transport of the Benguela Current and its variability was measured by a moored array of instruments, inverted echo sounders (IES), inverted echo sounders with pressure gauges (PIES), current meter moorings, and hydrographic surveys as wells as analysis of the TOPEX/POSEIDON satellite altimeter data. This report presents data from the current meter moorings. The BEST mooring array was deployed in June 1992 and recovered in October 1993. The array consisted of 4 subsurface moorings laid off the West Coast of Africa along 30° South. Figs 1 & 2. BEST objectives contribute to the WOCE International plan. The 30° S mooring array is identified by WOCE as ACM-4

Current meter data from the Samoan Passage experiment : world ocean circulation experiment current meter array PCM-11 : September 1992-February 1994

The Samoan Passage experiment was designed to determine the northward transport of abyssal water through the Samoan Passage (l0°S, 170°W). This topographic constriction forms the major connection for deep (>4000 m) interbasin flow between hemispheres in the Pacific (Figure 1). This report presents current meter data from the six subsurface moorings deployed in the Samoan Passage in September 1992 and recovered February 1994. The six subsurface moorings were deployed along a transect in the Samoan Passage (Figure 2). A total of twenty-seven current meters were attached, each measuring horizontal current and temperature, with the upper two meters on each mooring measuring pressure. All instrumentation was recovered. Instrument 5872, the top meter on mooring two experienced an electronic board failure after 5 days and stopped recording data. The pressure sensor on instrument 4412, 2990 m on mooring 1, abruptly changed levels several times, and the temperature record from instrument 5856, 2970 m on mooring six, malfunctioned after 9 months. The compass on instrument 7769 (4900 m on mooring three) failed its post-cruise calibration. It appears that the failure occurred approximately one-fourth of the way through the deployment. Because the data are vector-averages, both speed and direction are suspect. The quality of the remaining records was excellent. The Samoan Passage current meter array contributes to the World Ocean Circulation experiment and is identified by that program as PCM-11

Gibraltar experiment : current measurements in the Strait of Gibraltar: October 1985-October 1986

The Gibraltar Experiment is a many faceted study of the dynamics and kinematics of the exchange between the Atlantic and Mediterranean through the Strait of Gibraltar (Bryden and Kinder, 1986). Net evaporation over the Mediterranean basin forces a surface inflow of Atlantic water and a nearly compensating deep outflow of saltier Mediterranean water through the Strait which together maintain the water and salt budgets for the Mediterranean Sea (Lacombe and Richez, 1982). The central hypothesis of the Gibraltar Experiment is that the narrowness and shallowness of the Strait combined with the dynamics of a two-layer flow controls the amount of exchange through the Strait. The Gibraltar Experiment field program was designed to measure the exchange between the Atlantic and Mediterranean and to diagnose the dynamical processes dominating the two-layer flow through the Strait of Gibraltar

Parsing by Successive Approximation

It is proposed to parse feature structure-based grammars in several steps. Each step is aimed to eliminate as many invalid analyses as possible as efficiently as possible. To this end the set of feature constraints is devided into three subsets, a set of context-free constraints, a set of filtering constraints and a set of structure-building constraints, which are solved in that order. The best processing strategy differs: Context-free constraints are solved efficiently with one of the well-known algorithms for contextfree parsing. Filtering constraints can be solved using unification algorithms for non-disjunctive feature structures whereas structure-building constraints require special techniques to represent feature structures with embedded disjunctions efficiently. A compilation method and an efficient processing strategy for filtering constraints are presented

Real-time discriminatory sensors for water contamination events :LDRD 52595 final report.

The gas-phase {mu}ChemLab{trademark} developed by Sandia can detect volatile organics and semi-volatiles organics via gas phase sampling . The goal of this three year Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) project was to adapt the components and concepts used by the {mu}ChemLab{trademark} system towards the analysis of water-borne chemicals of current concern. In essence, interfacing the gas-phase {mu}ChemLab{trademark} with water to bring the significant prior investment of Sandia and the advantages of microfabrication and portable analysis to a whole new world of important analytes. These include both chemical weapons agents and their hydrolysis products and disinfection by-products such as Trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs). THMs and HAAs are currently regulated by EPA due to health issues, yet water utilities do not have rapid on-site methods of detection that would allow them to adjust their processes quickly; protecting consumers, meeting water quality standards, and obeying regulations more easily and with greater confidence. This report documents the results, unique hardware and devices, and methods designed during the project toward the goal stated above. It also presents and discusses the portable field system to measure THMs developed in the course of this project