Linear LL-positive sets and their polar subspaces

In this paper, we define a Banach SNL space to be a Banach space with a certain kind of linear map from it into its dual, and we develop the theory of linear $L$-positive subsets of Banach SNL spaces with Banach SNL dual spaces. We use this theory to give simplified proofs of some recent results of Bauschke, Borwein, Wang and Yao, and also of the classical Brezis-Browder theorem.Comment: 11 pages. Notational changes since version

Detection of radio-frequency modulated optical signals by two and three terminal microwave devices

An interdigitated photoconductor (two terminal device) on GaAlAs/GaAs heterostructure was fabricated and tested by an electro-optical sampling technique. Further, the photoresponse of GaAlAs/GaAs HEMT (three terminal device) was obtained by illuminating the device with an optical signal modulated up to 8 GHz. Gain-bandwidth product, response time, and noise properties of photoconductor and HEMT devices were obtained. Monolithic integration of these photodetectors with GaAs microwave devices for optically controlled phased array antenna applications is discussed

Commercial phosphoric acid fuel cell system technology development

Reducing cost and increasing reliability were the technology drivers in both the electric utility and on-site integrated energy system applications. The longstanding barrier to the attainment of these goals was materials. Differences in approaches and their technological features, including electrodes, matrices, intercell cooling, bipolar/separator plates, electrolyte management, fuel selection, and system design philosophy were discussed

Status of commercial phosphoric acid fuel cell system development

In both the electric utility and onsite integrated energy system applications, reducing cost and increasing reliability are the main technology drivers. The longstanding barrier to the attainment of these goals, which manifests itself in a number of ways, was materials. The differences in approach among the three major participants (United Technologies Corporation, Westinghouse Electric Corporation/Energy Research Corporation, and Engelhard Industries) and their unique technological features, including electrodes, matrices, intercell cooling, bipolar/separator plates, electrolyte management, fuel selection and system design philosophy are discussed

Experimental investigations on channelized coplanar waveguide

A new variant of coplanar waveguide (CPW) which was termed channelized coplanar waveguide (CCPW) is presented. Measured propagation characteristics for CCPW such as epsilon(eff) and unloaded Q as a function of geometrical parameters and frequency are presented. The measured and modeled epsilon(eff) are also compared. Equivalent circuit model element values are presented for a CCPW open circuit and a CCPW right angle bend. A CCPW matched T-junction, matched 1:3 junction, and a novel coax-to-CCPW in-phase, N-way, radial power divider are also demonstrated

Coplanar Waveguide Radial Line Stub

A coplanar waveguide radial line stub resonator is experimentally characterized with respect to stub radius, sectoral angle, substrate thickness, and relative dielectric constant. A simple closed-form design equation which predicts the resonance radius of the stub is presented

Channelized coplanar waveguide: Discontinuities, junctions, and propagation characteristics

A new variant of CPW which has been termed channelized CPW, CCPW, is presented. Measured and computed propagation characteristics are presented. Lumped equivalent circuit element values for a CCPW open circuit and right angle bend have been obtained. CCPW power divider junctions and a coax-to-CCPW in-phase, radial power divider are also presented

Angiogenesis-dependent and independent phases of intimal hyperplasia.

BACKGROUND: Neointimal vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation is a primary cause of occlusive vascular disease, including atherosclerosis, restenosis after percutaneous interventions, and bypass graft stenosis. Angiogenesis is implicated in the progression of early atheromatous lesions in animal models, but its role in neointimal VSMC proliferation is undefined. Because percutaneous coronary interventions result in induction of periadventitial angiogenesis, we analyzed the role of this process in neointima formation. METHODS AND RESULTS: Local injury to the arterial wall in 2 different animal models induced periadventitial angiogenesis and neointima formation. Application of angiogenesis stimulators vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A165) or a proline/arginine-rich peptide (PR39) to the adventitia of the injured artery induced a marked increase in neointimal thickening beyond that seen with injury alone in both in vivo models. Inhibition of either VEGF (with soluble VEGF receptor 1 [sFlt1]) or fibroblast growth factor (FGF) (with a dominant=negative form of FGF receptor 1 [FGF-R1DN]), respectively, signaling reduced adventitial thickening induced by VEGF and PR39 to the level seen with mechanical arterial injury alone. However, neither inhibitor was effective in preventing neointimal thickening after mechanical injury when administered in the absence of angiogenic growth factor. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that adventitial angiogenesis stimulates intimal thickening but does not initiate it

Face masks to prevent community transmission of viral respiratory infections: A rapid evidence review using Bayesian analysis [Preprint, version 1]

Background: Face masks have been proposed as an important way of reducing transmission of viral respiratory infections, including SARS-CoV-2. / Objective: To assess the likelihood that wearing face masks in community settings reduces transmission of viral respiratory infections. / Methods: We conducted a rapid evidence review and used a Bayesian statistical approach to analysing experimental and observational studies conducted in community-dwelling children and adults that assessed the effectiveness of face mask wearing (vs. no face masks) on self-reported, laboratory-confirmed, or clinically diagnosed viral respiratory infections. / Results: Eleven RCTs and 10 observational studies met the inclusion criteria. The calculation of Bayes factors and cumulative posterior odds from the RCTs showed a moderate likelihood of a small effect of wearing surgical face masks in community settings in reducing self-reported influenza-like illness (ILI) (cumulative posterior odds = 3.61). However, the risk of reporting bias was high and evidence of reduction of clinically- or laboratory-confirmed infection was equivocal (cumulative posterior odds = 1.07 and 1.22, respectively). Observational studies yielded evidence of a negative association between face mask wearing and ILI but with high risk of confounding and reporting bias. / Conclusions: Available evidence from RCTs is equivocal as to whether or not wearing face masks in community settings results in a reduction in clinically- or laboratory-confirmed viral respiratory infections. No relevant studies concerned SARS-CoV-2 or were undertaken in community settings in the UK