Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Sincronia ventricular em portadores de miocardiopatia dilatada e indivíduos normais: avaliação através da ventriculografia radioisotópica Ventricular synchrony in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and normal individuals: assessment by radionuclide ventriculography

OBJETIVO: Estabelecer parâmetros de sincronia intra- e interventricular em indivíduos normais e compará-los aos de pacientes com miocardiopatia dilatada com e sem distúrbios de condução ao eletrocardiograma (ECG). MÉTODOS: Três grupos de pacientes foram incluídos no estudo: 18 indivíduos (G1) sem cardiopatia e com ECG normal (52+/-12 anos, 29% masculinos); 50 portadores de miocardiopatia dilatada e disfunção ventricular esquerda grave, sendo 20 pacientes (G2) com QRS < 120 ms (51+/-10 anos, 75% masculinos) e 30 pacientes (G3) com QRS > 120 ms (57+/-12 anos, 60% masculinos). Todos foram submetidos à ventriculografia radioisotópica (VR). Para avaliar dissincronia intraventricular esquerda foi estudada a largura do histograma de fase e para avaliar dissincronia interventricular foi medida a diferença da média do ângulo de fase entre o ventrículo direito e o esquerdo (DifDE). RESULTADOS: As frações de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo (FEVE)s foram: 62±6% (G1), 27±6% (G2) e 22±7% (G3) e do VD foram: 46 ± 4% (G1), 38±9%(G2) e 37±9% (G3). A avaliação da largura do histograma de fase foi de: 89±18 ms (G1), 203±54 ms (G2) e 312±130 ms (G3), p<0,0001. A medida da difVDVE foi de: 14±11 ms (G1), 39±40 ms (G2) e 87±49 ms (G3); quando se compararam G1 x G2 e G1 x G3, p<0,0001 e G2 x G3, p=0,0007. CONCLUSÃO: Os parâmetros analisados discriminam os três grupos de pacientes de acordo com o grau de sincronia ventricular. Pacientes com miocardiopatia dilatada e sem bloqueio de ramo ao ECG (QRS < 120 ms) podem apresentar dissincronia, porém em menor grau que os pacientes com QRS alargado.<br>OBJECTIVE: To establish the parameters of intra- and interventricular synchrony in normal individuals and to compare them with patients with dilated cardiomyopathy with and without conduction disorders shown in the electrocardiogram (ECG) examination. METHODS: Three groups of patients were included in this study: 18 individuals (G1) with no cardiomyopathy and with a normal ECG (52±12 years, 29% male); 50 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and severe left ventricular dysfunction, with 20 patients (G2) presenting QRS <120ms (51±10 years, 75% male) and 30 patients (G3) with QRS >120ms (57±12 years, 60% male). All patients underwent RV. Evaluation of left intraventricular dyssynchrony was carried out with the measurement of the phase histogram width and interventricular dyssynchrony was evaluated by the difference of the mean phase angle between the right and left ventricles (RLDif). RESULTS: Left ventricle ejection fractions (LVEF)s were: 62 ± 6% (G1), 27 ± 7% (G2) and 22 ± 8% (G3) and right ventricle ejection fractions were: 46 ± 5% (G1), 41 ± 6%(G2) and 38 ± 8% (G3). Evaluation of the phase histogram width was: 89 ± 18 ms (G1), 203 ± 54 ms (G2) and 312 ± 130 ms (G3), p<0.0001. The measurement of RLDif was: 14 ± 11 ms (G1), 39 ± 40 ms (G2) and 87 ± 49 ms (G3); comparing G1 vs. G2 and G1 vs. G3, p<0.0001 and G2 vs. G3, p=0.0007. CONCLUSION: The parameters analyzed discriminate the three groups of patients according to the ventricular synchrony degree. Patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and withno branch block in ECG (QRS <120 ms) may present dyssynchrony, but at a lower degree than patients with widened QRS

Obesidade e fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis entre usuários de unidade de alimentação e nutrição Obesity and risk factors for the development of chronic non-transmissible diseases among consumers in a foodservice unit

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o estado nutricional e fatores de risco para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis entre 1.252 funcionários de uma indústria em Santa Catarina, Brasil. Foram estudadas as variáveis: estado nutricional, circunferência da cintura, pressão arterial, glicemia, idade e escolaridade. Observou-se sobrepeso e obesidade em 45% e 10% da amostra, respectivamente, com associação significativa entre o estado nutricional e sexo, mas não entre estado nutricional e escolaridade, ajustados por idade. Verificaram-se valores de circunferência da cintura elevados em 33% dos funcionários, com diferença significativa entre sexos. Observou-se pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) e pressão arterial diastólica (PAD) elevadas em 18% e 11% dos funcionários, respectivamente, com associação significativa entre sexos após ajuste por idade. Diagnosticou-se diabetes mellitus tipo II em 2% da amostra e glicemia alterada em 4%. Após ajuste por idade, as únicas variáveis associadas à circunferência da cintura foram a PAS e a PAD. Estes resultados permitiram que atividades preventivas e educacionais fossem desenvolvidas pela empresa, de modo a melhorar a qualidade de vida e a produtividade dos funcionários.<br>This study aimed to assess nutritional status and risk factors for chronic non-transmissible diseases in 1,252 factory employees in Santa Catarina State, Brazil. The following variables were studied: nutritional status, waist circumference, blood pressure, blood glucose levels, age, and schooling. Overweight and obesity were observed in 45% and 10% of the sample, respectively, with a significant association between nutritional status and gender, but not between nutritional status and schooling, adjusted for age. The proportion of high waist circumference was 33%, with a significant difference between genders. High systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were present in 18% and 11% of the employees, respectively, with a significant association between genders after adjusting for age. Type II diabetes mellitus was diagnosed in 2% of the sample and altered glucose levels in 4%. After adjusting for age, the only variables significantly associated with waist circumference were SBP and DPB. The results allowed the implementation of preventive and educational activities to improve employees' quality of life and productivity

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data