1,143 research outputs found
Neutron star bulk viscosity, "spin-flip" and GW emission of newly born magnetars
The viscosity-driven "spin-flip" instability in newborn magnetars with
interior toroidal magnetic fields is re-examined. We calculate the bulk
viscosity coefficient () of cold, matter in neutron stars
(NS), for selected values of the nuclear symmetry energy and in the regime
where -equilibration is slower than characteristic oscillation periods.
We show that: i) is larger than previously assumed and the instability
timescale correspondingly shorter; ii) for a magnetically-induced ellipticity
, typically expected in newborn
magnetars, spin-flip occurs for initial spin periods ms, with
some dependence on the NS equation of state (EoS). We then calculate the
detectability of GW signals emitted by newborn magnetars subject to
"spin-flip", by accounting also for the reduction in range resulting from
realistic signal searches. For an optimal range of , and birth spin period ms, we estimate an horizon
of Mpc, and Mpc, for Advanced and third generation
interferometers at design sensitivity, respectively. A supernova (or a
kilonova) is expected as the electromagnetic counterpart of such GW events.
Outside of the optimal range for GW emission, EM torques are more efficient in
extracting the NS spin energy, which may power even brighter EM transients.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in MNRA
Quantum theory of electron tunneling into intersubband cavity polariton states
Through a non-perturbative quantum theory, we investigate how the
quasi-electron excitations of a two-dimensional electron gas are modified by
strong coupling to the vacuum field of a microcavity. We show that the
electronic dressed states originate from a Fano-like coupling between the bare
electron states and the continuum of intersubband cavity polariton excitations.
In particular, we calculate the electron spectral function modified by
light-matter interactions and its impact on the electronic injection of
intersubband cavity polaritons. The domain of validity of the present
theoretical results is critically discussed. We show that resonant electron
tunneling from a narrow-band injector can selectively excite superradiant
states and produce efficient intersubband polariton electroluminescence
Ultrastrong coupling between a cavity resonator and the cyclotron transition of a 2D electron gas in the case of integer filling factor
We investigate theoretically the coupling between a cavity resonator and the
cyclotron transition of a two dimensional electron gas under an applied
perpendicular magnetic field. We derive and diagonalize an effective quantum
Hamiltonian describing the magnetopolariton excitations of the two dimensional
electron gas for the case of integer filling factors. The limits of validity of
the present approach are critically discussed. The dimensionless vacuum Rabi
frequency (i.e., normalized to the cyclotron frequency
) is shown to scale as , where
is the fine structure constant, is the number of quantum wells and
is the filling factor in each well. We show that with realistic
parameters of a high-mobility semiconductor two dimensional electron gas, the
dimensionless coupling can be much larger than 1 in the
case of , the latter condition being typically realized for
cyclotron transitions in the microwave range. Implications of such ultrastrong
coupling regime are discussed
Many-body physics of intersubband polaritons
Intersubband polaritons are light-matter excitations originating from the
strong coupling between an intersubband quantum well electronic transition and
a microcavity photon mode. In this paper we study how the Coulomb
electron-electron interaction and the Pauli saturation of the electronic
transitions affect the physics of intersubband polaritons. We develop a
microscopic many-body theory for the physics of such composite bosonic
excitations in a microcavity-embedded two-dimensional electron gas. As a first
application, we calculate the modification of the depolarization shifts and the
efficiency of intersubband polariton-polariton scattering processes
Special Agents Hunting Down Women Silent Killer: The Emerging Role of the p38α Kinase
Ovarian cancer is sensitive to chemotherapy with platinum compounds; however, the therapy success rate is significantly lowered by a high incidence of recurrence and by the acquisition of drug resistance. These negative outcomes mainly depend on altered apoptotic and drug resistance pathways, determining the need for the design of new therapeutic strategies to improve patient survival. This challenge has become even more critical because it has been recognized that hindering uncontrolled cell growth is not sufficient as the only curative approach. In fact, while current therapies are mostly conceived to impair survival of highly proliferating cells, several lines of research are now focusing on cancer-specific features to specifically target malignant cells with the aim of avoiding drug resistance and reducing adverse effects. Recently, great interest has been generated by the identification of metabolic reprogramming mechanisms occurring in cancer cells, such as the increase in glycolysis levels. In this light, pharmacologic manipulation of relevant pathways involved in cancer-specific metabolism and drug resistance could prove an effective approach to treat ovarian cancer patients
Physical and Functional HAT/HDAC Interplay Regulates Protein Acetylation Balance
The balance between protein acetylation and deacetylation controls several physiological and pathological cellular processes, and the enzymes involved in the maintenance of this equilibrium—acetyltransferases (HATs) and deacetylases (HDACs)—have been widely studied. Presently, the evidences obtained in this field suggest that the dynamic acetylation equilibrium is mostly maintained through the physical and functional interplay between HAT and HDAC activities. This model overcomes the classical vision in which the epigenetic marks of acetylation have only an activating function whereas deacetylation marks have a repressing activity. Given the existence of several players involved in the preservation of this equilibrium, the identification of these complex networks of interacting proteins will likely foster our understanding of how cells regulate intracellular processes and respond to the extracellular environment and will offer the rationale for new therapeutic approaches based on epigenetic drugs in human diseases
- …