5,657 research outputs found
Weight gain and dietary intake during pregnancy in industrialized countries - a systematic review of observational studies
Background: Gestational weight gain (GWG) above the recently recommended ranges is likely to be related to adverse pregnancy outcomes and therefore a challenge in industrialized countries. Aims: We conducted a systematic review on observational studies in order to gain more evidence on whether diets with lower caloric/protein content or other diets might be associated with lower GWG. Methods: We searched in MEDLINE and EMBASE for observational studies written in English or German reporting associations between diet and GWG in singleton pregnancies of healthy women in industrialized countries. Results: We identified 12 studies which met the inclusion criteria. Five studies suggested significant positive associations between energy intake and GWG, whereas three found no significant association. Further significant positive associations of GWG were reported with respect to protein intake, animal lipids, energy density and a number of different food servings per day, whereas intake of carbohydrates and vegetarian diet were associated with less GWG. Conclusions: We suggest that GWG might be reduced by lower energy intake in pregnancy
Radiation dose and cancer risk among pediatric patients undergoing interventional neuroradiology procedures
Atrial fibrillation-related cardiomyopathy: a case report
Sustained chronic tachyarrhythmias often cause a deterioration of cardiac function known as tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy or tachycardiomyopathy
Criteria for the use of omics-based predictors in clinical trials.
The US National Cancer Institute (NCI), in collaboration with scientists representing multiple areas of expertise relevant to 'omics'-based test development, has developed a checklist of criteria that can be used to determine the readiness of omics-based tests for guiding patient care in clinical trials. The checklist criteria cover issues relating to specimens, assays, mathematical modelling, clinical trial design, and ethical, legal and regulatory aspects. Funding bodies and journals are encouraged to consider the checklist, which they may find useful for assessing study quality and evidence strength. The checklist will be used to evaluate proposals for NCI-sponsored clinical trials in which omics tests will be used to guide therapy
Towards understanding startup product development as effectual entrepreneurial behaviors
Software startups face with multiple technical and business challenges, which
could make the startup journey longer, or even become a failure. Little is
known about entrepreneurial decision making as a direct force to startup
development outcome. In this study, we attempted to apply a behaviour theory of
entrepreneurial firms to understand the root-cause of some software startup s
challenges. Six common challenges related to prototyping and product
development in twenty software startups were identified. We found the behaviour
theory as a useful theoretical lens to explain the technical challenges.
Software startups search for local optimal solutions, emphasise on short-run
feedback rather than long-run strategies, which results in vague prototype
planning, paradox of demonstration and evolving throw-away prototypes. The
finding implies that effectual entrepreneurial processes might require a more
suitable product development approach than the current state-of-practice.Comment: This is the author's version of the work. Copyright owner's version
can be accessed at https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69191-6_15, 8th ICSOB
2017, Essen, German
RESOLUTION OF KUDOA THYRSITES INFECTION IS ASSOCIATED WITH INFILTRATION OF MHIIβ+ CELLS IN ATLANTIC SALMON, SALMO SALAR
Statistical challenges in the development and evaluation of marker-based clinical tests
Exciting new technologies for assessing markers in human specimens are now available to evaluate unprecedented types and numbers of variations in DNA, RNA, proteins, or biological structures such as chromosomes. These markers, whether viewed individually, or collectively as a 'signature', have the potential to be useful for disease risk assessment, screening, early detection, prognosis, therapy selection, and monitoring for therapy effectiveness or disease recurrence. Successful translation from basic research findings to clinically useful test requires basic, translational, and regulatory sciences and a collaborative effort among individuals with varied types of expertise including laboratory scientists, technology developers, clinicians, statisticians, and bioinformaticians. The focus of this commentary is the many statistical challenges in translational marker research, specifically in the development and validation of marker-based tests that have clinical utility for therapeutic decision-making
Epidemic Enhancement in Partially Immune Populations
We observe that a pathogen introduce/pmcdata/journal/plosone/2-2007/1/ingest/pmcmod/sgml/pone.0000165.xmld into a population containing individuals with acquired immunity can result in an epidemic longer in duration and/or larger in size than if the pathogen were introduced into a naive population. We call this phenomenon “epidemic enhancement,” and use simple dynamical models to show that it is a realistic scenario within the parameter ranges of many common infectious diseases. This finding implies that repeated pathogen introduction or intermediate levels of vaccine coverage can lead to pathogen persistence in populations where extinction would otherwise be expected
- …