Chemical composition of Origanum dictamnus and Origanum vulgare ssp. hirtum from Greece

Most of the Origanum species are locally distributed within the Mediterranean region where they grow in the mountainous areas on the islands. Due to this, the rate of endemism is high, as in case of dittany of Crete (O. dictamnus). O. vulgare possesses the largest distribution area and can be found throughout the Mediterranean region, however, the yield and quality of the essential oil is controlled genetically and strongly affected by the environmental influences. Origanum essential oils predominantly containing carvacrol, are generally of superior quality and highly valuable raw material for food as well as in pharmaceutical industry. Essential oil of O. dictimus contains 70.8% of carvacrol, while O. vulgare ssp. hirtum essential oil contains 78.5%. This study indicates the high quality of investigated Origanum species from Greece, and indicates it to be highly valuable raw material for food and in pharmaceutical industry

Nursing attitudes about the strenuous of nursing procedures in comatose neurosurgical patients

Introduction: Virginia Henderson considered that every person is unique with all her biological, psychological and social characteristics, and therefore defines 14 basic human needs, that each person has to satisfy. She also advised that a nurse should help helpless people who do not have the strength, desire, or knowledge to satisfy one or more of the basic human needs. Neurosurgical patients with the most severe quantitative disorder of consciousness certainly represent a particularly vulnerable group of patients, who have deficits in all domains of basic life needs. Goal: The aim of this study was to determine the attitudes of nurses about the strenous of health care procedures in comatose neurosurgical patients. Material and methods: The research was conducted at the Clinic for Neurosurgery, Clinical Center of Vojvodina as a descriptive cross-sectional study, by surveying 30 nurses. A modified questionnaire, by Marianne Neuberg, was used to assess the degree of complexity of conducting 19 health activities in patients with impaired consciousness concerning meeting their basic human needs, used is as a research instrument. Results: The results show that the nursing procedures of maintaining personal hygiene, movement and positioning of patients are considered by about 90% of nurses to be very demanding. Similar results were obtained for nursing procedures in the domains of communication, religious and religious needs. Only 4% of nurses believe that providing informational and psychological support and support to the family is not a required health care procedure. Conclusion: The nurses' attitudes indicated that the most demanding procedures for them are the provision of mental and physical care, such as transfers and positioning of patients whose extremities are in spasm. A particular challenge for nurses is health care procedures aimed at providing support to family members

Incidence of severe critical events in paediatric anaesthesia (APRICOT): a prospective multicentre observational study in 261 hospitals in Europe

Background Little is known about the incidence of severe critical events in children undergoing general anaesthesia in Europe. We aimed to identify the incidence, nature, and outcome of severe critical events in children undergoing anaesthesia, and the associated potential risk factors. Methods The APRICOT study was a prospective observational multicentre cohort study of children from birth to 15 years of age undergoing elective or urgent anaesthesia for diagnostic or surgical procedures. Children were eligible for inclusion during a 2-week period determined prospectively by each centre. There were 261 participating centres across 33 European countries. The primary endpoint was the occurence of perioperative severe critical events requiring immediate intervention. A severe critical event was defined as the occurrence of respiratory, cardiac, allergic, or neurological complications requiring immediate intervention and that led (or could have led) to major disability or death. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01878760. Findings Between April 1, 2014, and Jan 31, 2015, 31â127 anaesthetic procedures in 30â874 children with a mean age of 6·35 years (SD 4·50) were included. The incidence of perioperative severe critical events was 5·2% (95% CI 5·0â5·5) with an incidence of respiratory critical events of 3·1% (2·9â3·3). Cardiovascular instability occurred in 1·9% (1·7â2·1), with an immediate poor outcome in 5·4% (3·7â7·5) of these cases. The all-cause 30-day in-hospital mortality rate was 10 in 10â000. This was independent of type of anaesthesia. Age (relative risk 0·88, 95% CI 0·86â0·90; p<0·0001), medical history, and physical condition (1·60, 1·40â1·82; p<0·0001) were the major risk factors for a serious critical event. Multivariate analysis revealed evidence for the beneficial effect of years of experience of the most senior anaesthesia team member (0·99, 0·981â0·997; p<0·0048 for respiratory critical events, and 0·98, 0·97â0·99; p=0·0039 for cardiovascular critical events), rather than the type of health institution or providers. Interpretation This study highlights a relatively high rate of severe critical events during the anaesthesia management of children for surgical or diagnostic procedures in Europe, and a large variability in the practice of paediatric anaesthesia. These findings are substantial enough to warrant attention from national, regional, and specialist societies to target education of anaesthesiologists and their teams and implement strategies for quality improvement in paediatric anaesthesia. Funding European Society of Anaesthesiology

Incidence of severe critical events in paediatric anaesthesia (APRICOT): a prospective multicentre observational study in 261 hospitals in Europe

Background Little is known about the incidence of severe critical events in children undergoing general anaesthesia in Europe. We aimed to identify the incidence, nature, and outcome of severe critical events in children undergoing anaesthesia, and the associated potential risk factors. Methods The APRICOT study was a prospective observational multicentre cohort study of children from birth to 15 years of age undergoing elective or urgent anaesthesia for diagnostic or surgical procedures. Children were eligible for inclusion during a 2-week period determined prospectively by each centre. There were 261 participating centres across 33 European countries. The primary endpoint was the occurence of perioperative severe critical events requiring immediate intervention. A severe critical event was defined as the occurrence of respiratory, cardiac, allergic, or neurological complications requiring immediate intervention and that led (or could have led) to major disability or death. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01878760. Findings Between April 1, 2014, and Jan 31, 2015, 31 127 anaesthetic procedures in 30 874 children with a mean age of 6.35 years (SD 4.50) were included. The incidence of perioperative severe critical events was 5.2% (95% CI 5.0-5.5) with an incidence of respiratory critical events of 3.1% (2.9-3.3). Cardiovascular instability occurred in 1.9% (1.7-2.1), with an immediate poor outcome in 5.4% (3.7-7.5) of these cases. The all-cause 30-day in-hospital mortality rate was 10 in 10 000. This was independent of type of anaesthesia. Age (relative risk 0.88, 95% CI 0.86-0.90; p<0.0001), medical history, and physical condition (1.60, 1.40-1.82; p<0.0001) were the major risk factors for a serious critical event. Multivariate analysis revealed evidence for the beneficial effect of years of experience of the most senior anaesthesia team member (0.99, 0.981-0.997; p<0.0048 for respiratory critical events, and 0.98, 0.97-0.99; p=0.0039 for cardiovascular critical events), rather than the type of health institution or providers. Interpretation This study highlights a relatively high rate of severe critical events during the anaesthesia management of children for surgical or diagnostic procedures in Europe, and a large variability in the practice of paediatric anaesthesia. These findings are substantial enough to warrant attention from national, regional, and specialist societies to target education of anaesthesiologists and their teams and implement strategies for quality improvement in paediatric anaesthesia