Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Paprika pada Berbagai Intensitas Radiasi Surya di Dataran Rendah, Batam(growth And Production Of Sweet Pepper Cultivated Under Different Solar Radiation Intensity At Lowland Region Of Batam)

An experiment has been conducted in Batam Island to study the response of sweet pepper which cultivated at lowland of 20 m asl, during November 2001 to May 2002. Five varieties have been used namely, Bangkok, Gold Flame, New Zealand, Spartacus and Tropica. Plants cultivated using hydroponic system under plastic house with ultra violet protection. The radiation of 100% (control) and it reduce of 25% and 50% used as treatment in order to determine the microclimate favourable for growing pepper in lowland. The results shown that reducing radiation intensity has influenced significantly on vegetatif growth, except leaf area index. The plants were grown under 100% and 25% radiation intensity performed taller with more branches compare to the plants under 50%. Variety of Spartacus has grew tallest than others. Stem diameter of control plants performed bigger than other plants, while reducing radiation intensity has no effect significantly to leaf area index. Experiment also revealed that reducing radiation intensity has significant effect on number and weight of peppers per plant, and thickness of flesh, compare to control. In general, Gold flame has produced best quality than others varieties although it has less number of fruits compare to Tropica

Government Policies and Economic Analysis of the Livestock Commodity System in Indonesia

IndonesianPenelitian ini merupakan suatu USAha untuk meneliti keunggulan komparatif dan tingkat perlindungan/beban ekonomi untuk beberapa komoditas bahan baku pakan dan peternakan. Analisis keunggulan komparatif dilakukan dengan mempergunakan konsep rasio sumberdaya domestik, sedang tingkat perlindungan/beban ekonomi diukur dengan tingkat perlindungan nominal, tingkat perlindungan efektif dan subsidi implisit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa produksi jagung di Indonesia lebih menguntungkan apabila dipakai untuk memenuhi kebutuhan domestik. Produksi kacang kedele di Jawa Barat ternyata tidak efisien. Kacang kedele mempunyai keunggulan komparatif apabila dihasilkan di Jawa Tengah dan di luar Jawa. Ubikayu dan beras mempunyai keunggulan komparatif yang tinggi di seluruh Indonesia. Produksi susu sangat tidak ekonomis. Sedangkan produksi daging sapi, babi dan ayam ras mempunyai keunggulan komparatif yang tinggi. Produksi telur lebih menguntungkan untuk konsumsi dalam negeri. Produksi telur mempunyai daya saing ekspor jika dihasilkan di Lampung dan Bogor. Struktur perlindungan komoditas secara umum tidak konsisten dengan efisiensi produksi komoditas. Insentif ekonomi cenderung bias untuk petani di Pulau Jawa.EnglishThis study is an investigation on comparative advantage and economic incentives of some major feed-stuffs and livestock products. The comparative advantage is analyzed using the domestic resource cost ratio criterion, whereas, economic incentive is measured using the nominal and effective protection rates, and implicit subsidy. The study shows that the corn production in Indonesia would be more beneficial economically if used domestically. The soybean production in West Java is not economical. The soybean only has comparative advantage if produced in Central Java and the islands outside Java. Cassava and rice have comparative advantage wherever they are produced. The dairy farming is highly uneconomical. Whereas beef, pork, and broiler productions are highly competitive, even for exportation. The egg production is more beneficial for domestic consumption. The egg production is competitive for exportation if produced in Lampung and Bogor. The commodities protection structures are generally in consistent with their economic efficiency configuration. The economic incentives are generally biased toward Java

Implications for Collaborative Development of Reverse Distribution Network: A System Perspective

Part 1: Knowledge-Based SustainabilityInternational audienceOne of the recurring challenges that industries and society face is the availability of and access to resources. The scarcity of resources creates instability in the supply chains of firms and in turn affects competitiveness. In recent years, the notion of a reverse distribution network has been put forth as a possible solution to remedy not only the volatility of the supply chains but also as an indispensable approach for sustainable development. This paper examines the current state of the literature on reverse distribution networks from a system perspective. Two major findings were identified. Firstly, there are no clear grounds for decision making regarding supply network development. Secondly, collaborations offers great opportunities to develop reverse distribution networks and build robust supply chains