Effects of Methoxyisoflavone, Ecdysterone, and Sulfo-Polysaccharide Supplementation on Training Adaptations in Resistance-Trained Males

PURPOSE: Methoxyisoflavone (M), 20-hydroxyecdysone (E), and sulfo-polysaccharide (CSP3) have been marketed to athletes as dietary supplements that can increase strength and muscle mass during resistancetraining. However, little is known about their potential ergogenic value. The purpose of this study was to determine whether these supplements affect training adaptations and/or markers of muscle anabolism/catabolism in resistance-trained athletes. METHODS: Forty-five resistance-trained males (20.5±3 yrs; 179±7 cm, 84±16 kg, 17.3±9 % body fat) were matched according to FFM and randomly assigned to ingest in a double blind manner supplements containing either a placebo (P); 800 mg/day of M; 200 mg of E; or, 1,000 mg/day of CSP3 for 8-weeks during training. At 0, 4, and 8-weeks, subjects donated fasting blood samples and completed comprehensive muscular strength, muscular endurance, anaerobic capacity, and body composition analysis. Data were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA. RESULTS: No significant differences (p>0.05) were observed in training adaptations among groups in the variables FFM, percent body fat, bench press 1RM, leg press 1RM or sprint peak power. Anabolic/catabolic analysis revealed no significant differences among groups in active testosterone (AT), free testosterone (FT), cortisol, the AT to cortisol ratio, urea nitrogen, creatinine, the blood urea nitrogen to creatinine ratio. In addition, no significant differences were seen from pr

ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ДИНАМИКИ ТЕРРИТОРИАЛЬНОГО РАСПРОСТРАНЕНИЯ И ЭКОЛОГИИ РЕДКИХ МЛЕКОПИТАЮЩИХ ТАЕЖНОЙ ЕВРАЗИИ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ ЛЕТЯГИ PTEROMYS VOLANS, RODENTIA, PTEROMYIDAE) in English INVESTIGATION OF THE DYNAMICS OF REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY OF RARE MAMMALS TAIGA EURASIA (FOR EXAMPLE Letyago PTEROMYS VOLANS, RODENTIA, PTEROMYIDAE)

This study of the spatial distribution and ecology of the flying squirrel during the turn of the 20th century provides a description of new methods and techniques for detecting and accounting flying squirrels in the forest zone of Eurasia. The flying squirrel population area covers the territory of 61 regions of Russia, including Kamchatsky Krai and Chukotka Autonomous District. The number of flying squirrels in Karelia especially to the east – in the Arkhangelsk region and Western Siberia – significantly exceeds that of Finland, but considerable spatial variability in the number is obvious through all the regions: there are areas where this animal is quite abundant, or inhabits all the territory rather evenly, and there are areas where it is completely absent in vast territories even with seemingly favourable conditions. The flying squirrel is quite difficult to study and the reasons of its absence in obviously favourable areas are still to be explained. Some reasons are: the specificity of favourable landscape, forest coverage pattern, trophic relationships with predators and genetic aspect. A number of hypotheses are supposed to be tested in the nearest future. Key words: accounting, flying squirrel, forest zone, home range, spatial distribution.Peer reviewe

Fluorine in primitive magmas of the Troodos Ophiolite Complex, Cyprus: Analytical methods and main results

Modern models for the development and evolution of the geochemical heterogeneity in the Earth's mantle and the genesis of mantle magmas attach much importance to the processes of interaction between deepseated rocks and metasomatic fluids, which are able, when occurring under mantle conditions, to dissolve significant amounts of major and trace elements (see, for example, [1]). Fluorine is one of the major anions of natural fluids and also one of the principal complex-forming ligands of several metals. To evaluate the possible role of fluorine in the processes of mantle magma genesis and to identify the source of this element in natural magmas in various geodynamic environments, it is necessary to know the fluorine concentration in primitive mantle melts. These data are still relatively scarce, particularly for low alkaline magmas [2-4]. The fluorine concentrations in magmas from suprasubduction zones, whose genesis is largely controlled by the interaction between mantle rocks and fluids, remain poorly known and need further refinement. Data presented in this paper are among the first to characterize the concentrations of fluorine in primitive magmas of suprasubduction zones. These data were obtained by secondary ion mass spectrometry of chill glasses from the lava complex of the Troodos ophiolites in Cyprus. Along with information on the concentrations of major and trace elements, H2O, and Cl in the glasses, our results make it possible to utilize the example of the Troodos ophiolites to characterize the main regularities in the geochemistry of fluorine during the origin of magmas above subduction zones and to assay the contributions of various components that participated in the processes of mantle melting. These data are among the first to demonstrate that subduction-related melts became enriched in F relative to LREE