Conhecimentos sobre Sexualidade e Duplo Padrão Sexual em Estudantes de Enfermagem

Introdução: A sexualidade como temática na formação em Enfermagem é área carente, explorada superficialmente, orientada para a prevenção de IST, gravidez, gerando-se um espaço interdito de assexualização do cuidador e do beneficiário (Pereira, 2007) . Visões fluidas e limitadas espelham lacunas curriculares e ocultação do tem na formação (Gir, Nogueira & Pelá, 2000) (Ressel & Gualda, 2002) . Como temática curricular para universitários, revela benefícios no conhecimento e posturas dos Estudantes concorrendo para menor tradicionalismo (Low, 2004) . Objetivo: Descrever a relação entre o conhecimento sobre sexualidade e o duplo padrão sexual. Metodologia: Estudo quantitativo transversal. Amostra de conveniência de 117 estudantes do 3º Ano. Média de idades de 22,2 anos (DP=3.961). Questionário aplicado no inicio do ano com questões sobre Anatomofisiologia, Contraceção e Resposta Sexual Humana [RSH] e escala de Duplo Padrão Sexual (alfa de Cronbach .833). Resultados: Fisiologia Feminina e RSH são os conteúdos mais precários no conhecimento. Através de teste t de Student de amostras emparelhadas, constatam-se diferenças significativas entre a dimensão da RSH face às dimensões de Anatomia, Fisiologia Masculina e Contraceção. Os estudantes tendem a ser liberais no Duplo Padrão Sexual, mas apenas com correlação significativa face ao conhecimento sobre Fisiologia Feminina (p<.05). Conclusões: Os conhecimentos não exprimem claramente associações ao Duplo Padrão, facto que deixa dúvidas quanto à preparação dos estudantes para a abordagem respeitosa do utente

Attitudes of Elements of the Academic Community in Regard to the Rapid Test of HIV/AIDS

Background: Knowing one’s own seropositivity status of HIV/AIDS is important. Seropositivity can be determined by a rapid HIV/AIDS test. Attitudes towards a rapid test of HIV/AIDS show a predisposition to perform the analysis

Visita Domiciliária e Competências Maternais no Puerpério: Revisão Integrativa

Introdução: O conceito de puerpério tem por fundamento a recuperação da mulher após o parto e é identificado com um limite superior de 6 semanas ou 40 dias ou 42 dias (Centeno, 2010; Fraser, 2010). Nesta fase colocam-se modificações que incluem a capacidade de auto-cuidar-se, de interpretar e responder com sucesso aos sinais da criança (Copeland & Harbaugh, 2004). A Visita Domiciliária (DGS, 2005) permite a continuidade da assistência, oferecendo interações educativas para recuperação e bem-estar (Takahashi , 2001). Possibilita o conhecimento in loco das competências em saúde (Santos & Morais, 2011; Doran, 2011), sendo o enfermeiro responsável na vigilância/promoção da saúde pós-alta por maternidade (DGS, 2005). Pela reduzida convivência com recém-nascidos (i.e. 1.37 em 2010) e a curta hospitalização para o parto será então oportuno rever a bibliografia sobre a perspetiva da mulher-mãe face à VD. Questão orientadora: Que competências maternais adquirem ou desenvolvem as mulheres sujeita a VD no puerpério Objetivo: Identificar através de revisão integrativa a influência que a visita domiciliária puerperal possui nas competências maternais Metodologia: Realizou-se uma pesquisa nas Bases de Dados na PubMed, BVS, Academic Search Complete, Medline with full text e Eric. As equações boleanas utilizaram descritores próprios e as palavras-chave: house calls, postpartum period, postnatal care, maternal behavior, home visit, puerperal visit, puerperium, maternal behavior, Nursing care Resultados: Identificaram-se 20 artigos, dos quais se selecionaram 12 Da análise dos artigos emergiram os seguintes contributos da VD: 1) Melhoria no Aleitamento Materno, 2) Relacionamentos de conjugalidade equilibrados, 3) Satisfação com Parentalidade, 4) Maior desenvolvimento das crianças a longo prazo, 5) Melhor enquadramento cultural e financeiro, 6) Menor morbilidade, 7) Maior controlo da gravidez subsequente, 8) VD como fonte de recurso Conclusão: Recomenda-se 1) primeira Visita Domiciliar ocorra na 1ª semana pós-alta hospitalar, 2) Politicas de Saúde aumentem a acessibilidade de mulheres com baixa renda, 3) VD não deve ser substituída por contacto telefónico, 4) apoio por visitadores voluntários sem impacto na DP

Towards unified understanding of conductance of stretched monatomic contacts

When monatomic contacts are stretched, their conductance behaves in qualitatively different ways depending on their constituent atomic elements. Under a single assumption of resonance formation, we show that various conductance behavior can be understood in a unified way in terms of the response of the resonance to stretching. This analysis clarifies the crucial roles played by the number of valence electrons, charge neutrality, and orbital shapes.Comment: 2 figure

Optical Coherence Tomography Features of Active and Inactive Retinal Neovascularization in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy

PURPOSE: To describe spectral domain-optical coherence tomography features of retinal neovascularization in proliferative diabetic retinopathy and thus to identify novel signs of new vessel activity. METHODS: Retrospective, cross-sectional study. Data were collected over a 9-month period. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography scans were performed over areas of new vessel complexes (NVC) in both the disk and elsewhere, and were qualitatively graded by two masked observers. New vessel complexes activity was determined using clinical and angiographic criteria and correlated with spectral domain optical coherence tomography features. RESULTS: Forty-three eyes of 30 patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy were included. Sixty-one NVC lesions (neovascularization of the disk—37.7%, neovascularization elsewhere—62.3%) were captured by spectral domain-optical coherence tomography and analyzed. Among them, 63.9% were classified as active and 36.1% as quiescent. Five distinctive features were identified as significantly different between active and quiescent NVC: the presence of vitreous hyperreflective dots in active NVC (P = 0.002) and the presence of epiretinal membrane (P = 0.04), inner retinal tissue contracture (P = 0.03), vitreous invasion (P = 0.02), and protrusion towards vitreous (P = 0.002) in quiescent NVC. CONCLUSION: In this exploratory study, the presence of vitreous hyperreflective dots, epiretinal membrane, inner retinal tissue contracture, vitreous invasion, and vitreous protrusion were identified as distinct signs of disease activity. Such parameters may be useful as a noninvasive imaging modality in eyes undergoing treatment for proliferative diabetic retinopathy

Polyamine, peroxidase activity and total protein content during storage of bird-of-paradise

The present study was aimed to the determination of the effect of storage on some biochemical characteristics (PAs content, POX activity and total protein content) of flower tissue of bird-of-paradise. Flowers were selected and labeled, avoiding any mechanical damage, and randomly distributed in recipients for two postharvest trials. In the first experiment, flowers were placed in recipients containing tap water and stored in a cold room, at 7.5 \ubaC and 90 % RH, for a period of 12 days. In experiment 2, flowers were stored in room temperature for a period of 6 days. For biochemical characteristics, samples (sepals, petals, stems and bracts) from experiment 1 were collected at 0, 4, 8 and 12 days, and at 0, 2, 4 and 6 days for experiment 2. Results showed that flower bracts, stored at 7.5 \ub0C, presented a lower content of PAs (Put and Spd), when compared to samples stored at room temperature. In both experiments, a high content of PAs (Spm) was observed in flower tissues in relation to Put and Spd. An increase of POX activity was observed in sepals stored in the cold, and was related to PAs degradation during senescence. No differences in total protein content were observed between the two treatments. The present study provides numeric results on changes in level of PAs, POX activity and total protein during postharvest of bird-of-paradise

Deficiencies in the transfer and availability of clinical trials evidence: A review of existing systems and standards

Background: Decisions concerning drug safety and efficacy are generally based on pivotal evidence provided by clinical trials. Unfortunately, finding the relevant clinical trials is difficult and their results are only available in text-based reports. Systematic reviews aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the evidence in a specific area, but may not provide the data required for decision making. Methods: We review and analyze the existing information systems and standards for aggregate level clinical trials information from the perspective of systematic review and evidence-based decision making. Results: The technology currently used has major shortcomings, which cause deficiencies in the transfer, traceability and availability of clinical trials information. Specifically, data available to decision makers is insufficiently structured, and consequently the decisions cannot be properly traced back to the underlying evidence. Regulatory submission, trial publication, trial registration, and systematic review produce unstructured datasets that are insufficient for supporting evidence-based decision making. Conclusions: The current situation is a hindrance to policy decision makers as it prevents fully transparent decision making and the development of more advanced decision support systems. Addressing the identified deficiencies would enable more efficient, informed, and transparent evidence-based medical decision making

Assessment of retinal vascular calibres as a biomarker of disease activity in birdshot chorioretinopathy

Purpose Birdshot chorioretinopathy (BCR) is a potentially blinding ocular disorder involving the retinal vasculature and choroid without any systemic manifestations. The objective of the study was to describe vascular calibre changes in BCR and analyse the possibility of this optical biomarker for staging and monitoring disease activity in BCR. Methods This retrospective case–control study at a tertiary referral eye centre in the UK included 33 eyes from 21 patients with BCR and equal number of eyes from control subjects. Diagnosis of BCR was confirmed on fundus fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography. Vascular calibres were measured using validated semiautomated software. Results Patients with BCR had smaller retinal venular calibres central retinal venular equivalent (CRVE) than controls (211.3 versus 227.9 μm, p = 0.008). After adjusting for variables, the difference between the two groups for CRVE at baseline was statistically significant based on two different analysis methods. Central retinal venular equivalent (CRVE) was lower at the 6-month follow-up visit (206.2 versus 213.8 μm, p-value = 0.03), and arteriole-to-venule ratio was larger (0.74 versus 0.71, p = 0.04) in subjects with BCR. Arteriolar calibre (CRAE) remained the same. Conclusion This study provides novel insight into the pattern of vascular involvement in BCR. There was significant difference in the CRVE in patients with BCR. More studies are needed to correlate this data with visual function and treatment outcome and to validate the findings

Sub-luminous type Ia supernovae from the mergers of equal-mass white dwarfs with M~0.9 M_sun

Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) are thought to result from thermonuclear explosions of carbon-oxygen white dwarf stars. Existing models generally explain the observed properties, with the exception of the sub-luminous 1991-bg-like supernovae. It has long been suspected that the merger of two white dwarfs could give rise to a type Ia event, but hitherto simulations have failed to produce an explosion. Here we report a simulation of the merger of two equal-mass white dwarfs that leads to an underluminous explosion, though at the expense of requiring a single common-envelope phase, and component masses of ~0.9 M_sun. The light curve is too broad, but the synthesized spectra, red colour and low expansion velocities are all close to what is observed for sub-luminous 1991bg-like events. While mass ratios can be slightly less than one and still produce an underluminous event, the masses have to be in the range 0.83-0.9 M_sun.Comment: Accepted to Natur