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The relationship between responsible leadership and individual creativity: The role of affective commitment

Purpose: Leadership is one of the main topics in organizational behavior. Over the years, many researchers have studied the impact of different leadership styles on the attitudes and behaviors of employees. However, perhaps because it is a relatively recent construct, little research has been devoted to analyzing the effect that responsible leadership has at the individual level of analysis (Haque et al., 2019, 2020; Miska & Mendenhall, 2018). Starting from the identification of this gap, the present research adopted an employee-centered approach to analyze how responsible leadership is related to individual creativity within the scope of a model that proposes affective commitment as a potential mediating mechanism. Recent research has found empirical support for the existence of a direct positive relationship between the variables (Castro-González et al., 2019). Research has also established a positive relationship between responsible leadership and affective commitment (Haque et al. 2019, 2020; Mousa, 2017; Simões & Duarte, 2021). Several studies on positive leadership styles have established affective commitment as a relevant mediating variable between leadership and employees’ attitudinal, emotional, and behavioral responses (Asif et al., 2019; Duarte et al., 2021). It is possible to theorize that responsible leadership, being also a positive leadership style, will find similar results, contributing to a greater employee emotional attachment to the organization, which will lead to more individual creativity behaviors at work.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The relationship between responsible leadership and individual creativity: The mediating role of affective commitment

This study analyzed how responsible leadership explains individual creativity through the mediation of affective commitment. Responsible leadership confers importance to value creation, change and sustainable development, as well as allowing to experiment with new ideas, thus creating a work environment conducive to creativity (Castro-González et al., 2019). In addition, responsible leadership contributes to employees having positive work experiences, thus promoting the strengthening of the emotional attachment to the organization (Haque et al., 2018; Simões & Duarte, 2021), which has been associated with greater individual creativity (Ribeiro et al., 2020). As a way of testing the proposed research model, a cross-sectional correlational quantitative methodology was used, based on a questionnaire to workers (n=284). Data were analyzed using the PROCESS macro. The results are in agreement with the literature and reveal a positive and significant direct relationship between responsible leadership and individual creativity. They also point to a significant partial mediation by affective commitment, that is, affective commitment significantly mediates the relationship between responsible leadership and employee creativity. We can conclude that affective commitment presents itself as a psychosocial mechanism that helps to explain the relationship between responsible leadership and creativity, which is one of the main contributions of this investigation, since, to our knowledge, there are no studies that integrate these variables in the same model. Therefore, responsible leadership, together with affective commitment, can favor a positive work environment, contributing to the promotion of individual behaviors at work, such as creativity.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The development of lower-atmosphere turbulence early in a solar flare

We present the first observational study of the onset and evolution of solar flare turbulence in the lower solar atmosphere on an unprecedented time scale of 1.7 s using the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph observing plasma at a temperature of 80,000 K. At this time resolution, nonthermal spectral line broadening, indicating turbulent velocity fluctuations, precedes the flare onset at this temperature and is coincident with net blue-shifts. The broadening decreases as the flare brightens and then oscillates with a period of ~10 s. These observations are consistent with turbulence in the lower solar atmosphere at the flare onset, heating that region as it dissipates. This challenges the current view of energy release and transport in the standard solar flare model, suggesting that turbulence partly heats the lower atmosphere.Comment: Published in Science Advances (5th December 2018

Gas proportional scintillation counter pulse-signature analysis using digital techniques

The use of short shaping time-constants (50 ns) followed by digital sampling of gas proportional scintillation counter pulses is investigated. Such short shaping time causes each pulse to closely resemble the scintillation light burst, allowing for an effective pulse-signature analysis. Pulse amplitude is obtained by numerical integration of the digital pulse samples. The shorter total pulse durations, lead to pulse-height distributions that are much less dependent on the total interaction rate occurring in the detector. Total interaction rates up to 12 k s-1 can be tolerated without significant degradation of the obtained pulse-height distribution. It was also verified that the maximum throughput achieved by the digital pulse-height analyser improves from 1 to 1.7 k s-1 when using the short shaping time-constants.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TJM-3VR1CVW-2F/1/2e9e952e1c3752048a2954b0dbbdec2

Worldwide interlaboratory study on the determination of ochratoxin A in different wine type samples

Interlaboratory studies are decisive tools to help the validation of a specific analytical methodology or to assess the reproducibility of the use of different methods to analyze a given compound or compounds in certain sample matrices. In this work, homogeneous samples of two white wines (“White Wine” and “White Liqueur Wine”) and one red wine (“Red Fortified Wine”) from Portugal with different production techniques and characteristics, namely in alcohol strength (10.5%, 16.0% and 19.0% ethanolic content, respectively), were analyzed for their contents in ochratoxin A (OTA), a mycotoxin generated from fungal contamination. White Liqueur Wine was naturally contaminated, whereas the other two wine type were spiked with ethanolic OTA solutions. The participation of 24 laboratories from 17 countries of five continents was ensured for this study. Although with no restrictions in terms of analytical methodology to employ, 75% of the laboratories resorted to immunoaffinity columns clean-up followed by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FD), most of them in accordance with the European Standard EN 14133. For White Wine samples, the general mean OTA concentration was 1.96 μg/l (two outliers) with interlaboratorial standard deviation (sL) of 0.53 μg/l; for White Liqueur Wine, mean of 1.59 μg/l (one outlier), with sL = 0.59 μg/l; and for Red Fortified Wine, mean of 2.73 μg/l (no outliers), with sL = 0.96 μg/l. Outliers were determined by Cochran and Grubbs tests. The Horrat index, recommended by the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) for the quality assurance of the collaborative study was, on average, 1.7. This study proved that OTA determination in wines is reproducible, regardless of the methodology employed.INIAP (Portugal), through the Program AGRO

Development and characterization of iron-pectin beads as a novel system for iron delivery to intestinal cells

Iron deficiency is the most common nutritional deficit worldwide. The goal of this work was to obtain iron-pectin beads by ionic gelation and evaluate their physiological behavior to support their potential application in the food industry. The beads were firstly analyzed by scanning electronic microscopy, and then physical-chemically characterized by performing swelling, thermogravimetric, porosimetry, Mössbauer spectroscopy and X-ray fluorescence analyses, as well as by determining the particle size. Then, physiological assays were carried out by exposing the beads to simulated gastric and intestinal environments, and determining the iron absorption and transepithelial transport into Caco-2/TC7 cells. Iron-pectin beads were spherical (diameter 1-2 mm), with high density (1.29 g/mL) and porosity (93.28%) at low pressure, indicating their high permeability even when exposed to low pressure. Swelling in simulated intestinal medium (pH 8) was higher than in simulated gastric medium. The source of iron [FeSO4 (control) or iron-pectin beads] did not have any significant effect on the mineral absorption. Regarding transport, the iron added to the apical pole of Caco-2/TC7 monolayers was recovered in the basal compartment, and this was proportional with the exposure time. After 4 h of incubation, the transport of iron arising from the beads was significantly higher than that of the iron from the control (FeSO4). For this reason, iron-pectin beads appear as an interesting system to overcome the low efficiency of iron transport, being a potential strategy to enrich food products with iron, without altering the sensory properties.Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimento

A relação entre a liderança responsável e a criatividade individual: O papel do compromisso afetivo

Este estudo analisou como a liderança responsável explica a criatividade individual através da mediação do compromisso afetivo. Uma liderança responsável atribui relevância à criação de valor, à mudança e desenvolvimento sustentável, assim como permite experimentar ideias novas, criando assim um ambiente de trabalho propício à criatividade (Castro-González et al., 2019). Ademais, uma liderança responsável, contribuiu para que os colaboradores tenham experiências positivas de trabalho, contribuindo assim para o fortalecimento do apego emocional à organização (Haque et al., 2018; Simões & Duarte, 2021), que tem sido associado a maior criatividade (Ribeiro et al., 2020). Como forma de testar o modelo de investigação proposto utilizou-se uma metodologia quantitativa correlacional de corte transversal com base num questionário a trabalhadores (n=284). Os dados foram analisados utilizando a macro PROCESS. Os resultados são convergentes com a literatura e revelam uma relação direta positiva e significativa entre a liderança responsável e a criatividade individual, e apontam também para uma mediação parcial significativa, ou seja, o compromisso afetivo medeia significativamente a relação entre a liderança responsável e a criatividade individual. Podemos concluir que o compromisso afetivo se apresenta como um mecanismo psicossocial que ajuda a explicar a relação entre a liderança responsável e a criatividade, sendo este um dos principais contributos desta investigação, pois, para nosso conhecimento, não existem estudos que integrem estas variáveis no mesmo modelo. Assim sendo, a liderança responsável, juntamente com o compromisso afetivo, poderá favorecer um ambiente de trabalho positivo, contribuindo para a promoção de comportamentos individuais no trabalho, como a criatividade.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio