Using wireless sensor networks in improvised explosive device detection

This research focused on wide-area surveillance of public environments for potential IEDs (improvised explosive devices) using wireless sensor networks. We explored magnetic and infrared sensors from Crossbow Technologies to detect simulated emplaced IEDs (emplacement is the step most susceptible to detection) in a public mall and along a typical street environment. The threat scenario was IED emplacement in a trash receptacle. A network of these sensors was built and positioned in these environments with human subjects entering (some carrying ferromagnetic materials and some not) and proceeding toward a receptacle. Results indicated that magnetic sensors could detect suspicious ferromagnetic materials, though not all simulated IEDs contained enough to trigger detection. Infrared sensors were not effective for such tasks as there is much background infrared radiation. Our network design was such that data could easily be aggregated over many sensors in larger networks. This suggests that the technology can be effective for protecting communal areas such as airports and urban areas. Other supplementary technologies such as imagery could be linked to build a more robust detection network.http://archive.org/details/usingwirelesssen109453129Singapore Army author.Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited

Riverine sustainment 2012

Student Integrated ProjectIncludes supplementary materialThis technical report analyzed the Navy's proposed Riverine Force (RF) structure and capabilities for 2012. The Riverine Sustainment 2012 Team (RST) examined the cost and performance of systems of systems which increased RF sustainment in logistically barren environments. RF sustainment was decomposed into its functional areas of supply, repair, and force protection. The functional and physical architectures were developed in parallel and were used to construct an operational architecture for the RF. The RST used mathematical, agent-based and queuing models to analyze various supply, repair and force protection system alternatives. Extraction of modeling data revealed several key insights. Waterborne heavy lift connectors such as the LCU-2000 are vital in the re-supply of the RF when it is operating up river in a non-permissive environment. Airborne heavy lift connectors such as the MV-22 were ineffective and dominated by the waterborne variants in the same environment. Increase in manpower and facilities did appreciable add to the operational availability of the RF. Mean supply response time was the biggest factor effecting operational availability and should be kept below 24 hours to maintain operational availability rates above 80%. Current mortar defenses proposed by the RF are insufficient.N

Assessment of Electromagnetic and Passive Diffuse Infrared Sensors in Detection of IED-Related Behavior / 13th ICCRTS: C2 for Complex Endeavors

13th International Command and Control Research and Technology Symposium (ICCRTS), June 17-19, 2008, Seattle, WA.International Command and Control Research and Technology Symposium, Bellevue, Washington, June 2008Persistent wireless sensor networks can be a cost-effective way to monitor public areas for suspicious behavior and reduce the need for military patrols. We examine here their applicability to the difficult problem of detecting emplacement of improvised explosive devices (IEDs). We first discuss the threat and how wireless sensor networks could help fight it; flexible and adaptable management of the sensor network is essential. We then report some experiments with magnetic and infrared sensors from Crossbow Technologies. We built a network of these sensors and ran human subjects through it engaged in various activities, some involving carrying of ferromagnetic materials. Results indicated that a variety of suspicious activities could be detected, though not all mock IEDs triggered detection, and triangulation was difficult due to the tendency of the signal to quickly saturate. Our network design is such that data can be easily aggregated in larger networks for broad-area automated monitoring of settings such as airports and busy urban areas.Supported in part by the National Science Foundationgrant 0729696 of the Explosives and Related Threats Exploratory Research Progra

Complementary Sequential Circulating Tumor Cell (CTC) and Cell-Free Tumor DNA (ctDNA) Profiling Reveals Metastatic Heterogeneity and Genomic Changes in Lung Cancer and Breast Cancer

Introduction Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and cell-free tumor DNA (ctDNA) are tumor components present in circulation. Due to the limited access to both CTC enrichment platforms and ctDNA sequencing in most laboratories, they are rarely analyzed together. Methods Concurrent isolation of ctDNA and single CTCs were isolated from lung cancer and breast cancer patients using the combination of size-based and CD45-negative selection method via DropCell platform. We performed targeted amplicon sequencing to evaluate the genomic heterogeneity of CTCs and ctDNA in lung cancer and breast cancer patients. Results Higher degrees of genomic heterogeneity were observed in CTCs as compared to ctDNA. Several shared alterations present in CTCs and ctDNA were undetected in the primary tumor, highlighting the intra-tumoral heterogeneity of tumor components that were shed into systemic circulation. Accordingly, CTCs and ctDNA displayed higher degree of concordance with the metastatic tumor than the primary tumor. The alterations detected in circulation correlated with worse survival outcome for both lung and breast cancer patients emphasizing the impact of the metastatic phenotype. Notably, evolving genetic signatures were detected in the CTCs and ctDNA samples during the course of treatment and disease progression. Conclusions A standardized sample processing and data analysis workflow for concurrent analysis of CTCs and ctDNA successfully dissected the heterogeneity of metastatic tumor in circulation as well as the progressive genomic changes that may potentially guide the selection of appropriate therapy against evolving tumor clonality

One-year outcomes of patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction during the COVID-19 pandemic

10.1007/s11239-021-02557-6JOURNAL OF THROMBOSIS AND THROMBOLYSI

Combining Circulating MicroRNA and NT-proBNP to Detect and Categorize Heart Failure Subtypes

10.1016/j.jacc.2018.11.060JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY73111300-131