Kadar Logam Berat Timbal (Pb) pada Lipstik yang diperjualbelikan di Pasar Demangan Yogyakarta

Timbal (Pb) merupakan logam berat yang bersifat toksik bagi manusia. Cemaran timbal banyak dijumpai pada makanan, minuman dan kosmetik seperti lipstik. Dari beragam merk lipstik yang beredar di pasaran, terdapat beberapa merk yang tidak memiliki izin edar yang dikeluarkan oleh BPOM. Lipstik ilegal seperti ini banyak mengandung cemaran timbal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari kandungan timbal dalam lipstik yang dijual di Pasar Demangan Yogyakarta. Pengambilan sampel lipstik berasal dari pedagang di dalam dan luar area Pasar Demangan. Sampel lipstik yang dianalisis dalam penelitian ini berasal dari 5 merk berbeda dengan pilihan warna lipstik adalah merah dan merah muda untuk masing-masing merk. Analisis sampel lipstik untuk setiap merk dan warna menggunakan 5 ulangan. Deteksi timbal dilakukan dengan metode Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). Hasil uji AAS menunjukkan bahwa lipstik yang paling banyak mengandung Pb terdapat pada kode sampel LEP dengan kadar 3,37 mg/L, sedangkan lipstik yang sedikit mengandung Pb terdapat pada kode sampel LAP dengan kadar 2,24 mg/L. Lipstik yang di jual di Pasar Demangan layak untuk di gunakan oleh konsumen karena kadar timbal yang ada pada lipstik belum melebihi standar BPOM

Production of Dense Cu-10Sn Part by Laser Powder Bed Fusion with Low Surface Roughness and High Dimensional Accuracy

Tin-bronze alloys with a tin content of at least 10 wt% have excellent mechanical properties, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance. Among these alloys, Cu-10Sn was investigated in this study for production with the laser powder bed fusion process with a 500W Yb:YAG laser. In particular, a design of experiment (DoE) was developed in order to identify the optimal process parameters to obtain full density, low surface roughness, and high dimensional accuracy. Samples were characterized with Archimedes’ method and optical microscopy to determine their final density. It was shown that the first method is fast but not as reliable as the second one. A first mechanical characterization was performed through microhardness tests. Finally, a set of process parameters was identified to produce fully dense samples with low surface roughness and high accuracy. The results showed that the volumetric energy density could represent an approach that is too simplified, therefore limiting the direct correlation with the physical aspects of the process

Transabdominal pre-peritoneal mesh in inguinal hernia repair in elderly: end point of our experience

BACKGROUND: Aim of this study is to present our standardized laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal hernia repair (TAPP) technique, and to study our experience in the elderly as far as concerns preoperative and postoperative variables. METHODS: We described our standardized TAPP technique according with Stuttgart technique [1], and we evalutated our team's experience in TAPP inguinal hernia repair in elderly (> 65 yrs) and in young patients (< 65 yrs). RESULTS: We retrospectively reviewed our Surgery Division's experience about TAPP; we included in our study 185 patients. The sample was subdivided in two groups: TAPP Group (< 65 years patients) and TAPPe Group (> 65 years patients). TAPP Group was composed by 154 patients and TAPPe Group of 31 patients. According with literature, in this subgroup recurrence rate (3,2%), early and delayed complications and mean operative time (86 min). There were no major vascular or intestinal complications. At the moment follow-up is 31 months. There were no incisional hernias on umbilical trocar. Mean satisfaction rate was excellent also in elderly patients. CONCLUSIONS: According with literature, in our experience TAPP technique is a safe and feasible procedure, even in elderly patients

A time-saving and cost-effective method to process alloys by Laser Powder Bed Fusion

Definition of the main process parameters, laser power (P), scanning speed (v), hatching distance (hd) and scanning strategy useful for producing dense samples, is fundamental to develop novel alloy compositions for Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF). The present work has two aims: on one side, to verify the processability of a new AlSi10Mg + 4Cu alloy of mixed powders by LBPF; on the other side, on the basis of the experimental analysis, to define a method for processing new alloys. Producing Single Scan Tracks (SSTs), samples with unidirectional scanning strategy and samples with 67° rotated scanning strategy, the proper P-v-hd combinations were identified reaching a final porosity lower than 1.5%. A scenario of hardness and build-up rate vs. energy density is given, to adopt the main process parameters suitable to maximize mechanical properties or productivity. According to the novel method, P-v-hd combinations can be defined through the production and characterization of SSTs and samples with 67° rotated scanning strategy. Through two production steps dense samples can be then obtained, allowing the development of new compositions saving time and reducing costs related to the powder usage. Keywords: Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF), Single scan tracks (SSTs), Hatching distance (hd), Overlap, Process parameters, Hardness, Build-up rat

Anal sphincter dysfunction in multiple sclerosis: An observation manometric study

Constipation, obstructed defecation, and fecal incontinence are frequent complaints in multiple sclerosis. The literature on the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these disorders is scant. Using anorectal manometry, we compared the anorectal function in patients with and without multiple sclerosis. 136 patients referred from our Center for Multiple Sclerosis to the Coloproctology Outpatient Clinic, between January 2005 and December 2011, were enrolled. The patients were divided into four groups: multiple sclerosis patients with constipation (group A); multiple sclerosis patients with fecal incontinence (group B); non-multiple sclerosis patients with constipation (group C); non-multiple sclerosis patients with fecal incontinence (group D). Anorectal manometry was performed to measure: resting anal pressure; maximum squeeze pressure; rectoanal inhibitory reflex; filling pressure and urge pressure. The difference between resting anal pressure before and after maximum squeeze maneuvers was defined as the change in resting anal pressure calculated for each patient. RESULTS: Group A patients were noted to have greater sphincter hypotonia at rest and during contraction compared with those in group C (p=0.02); the rectal sensitivity threshold was lower in group B than in group D patients (p=0.02). No voluntary postcontraction sphincter relaxation was observed in either group A or group B patients (p=0.891 and p=0.939, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The decrease in the difference in resting anal pressure before and after maximum squeeze maneuvers suggests post-contraction sphincter spasticity, indicating impaired pelvic floor coordination in multiple sclerosis patients. A knowledge of manometric alterations in such patients may be clinically relevant in the selection of patients for appropriate treatments and for planning targeted rehabilitation therapy

Laparoscopic appendectomy in the elderly: our experience

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic appendectomy for acute appendicitis is one of the most common surgical procedures performed in the world. We aimed to compare laparoscopic and open appendectomy in the elderly in our experience. METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of elderly patients who underwent appendectomy for acute appendicitis from 1st of January 2006 to the 31st of July 2012. We analyzed 39 appendectomies in elderly patients: 20 procedures were performed using open technique (Group O) and 19 using laparoscopic technique (Group L). RESULTS: In the analysis of intraoperative variables there was no statistically significant difference. In this study there was no statistically significant difference also in peri-operative variables. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic appendectomy is a safe and feasible technique in acute appendicitis also in the elderly

Laparoscopic repair of wound defects in the elderly: our experience of 5 years

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic approach for wound defects is a procedure that aims to reduce surgical aggressiveness against the abdominal wall by using minimal incisions and dedicated instruments. METHODS: We report our experience about clinical outcome of elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic repair for incisional hernias (Group I) and primary inguinal hernias (Group II) from June 2007 to September 2012. We analyzed preoperative and postoperative data for the laparoscopic approach in the elderly. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: In our experience there was no significant difference in laparoscopic procedure between normalweight and overweight patients. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic repair for primary inguinal hernias and incisional ventral hernias with transabdominal placement of composite mesh in the elderly achieves excellent results with lower morbidity in comparison with open surgical approaches

DESIGN THINKING COMO EXPRESION DE LA MENTALIDAD EMPRESARIAL EN TIEMPOS DE COVID 19

El termino Design Thinking va tomando fuerza dentro del contexto empresarial, y tiene como propósito fomentar la creatividad e innovación para producir bienes y servicios idóneos para el mercado. Esto se logra mediante un proceso que involucra: Empatizar, Definir, Idear, Prototipar y Testear. Dentro de escenarios de alto riesgo y de condiciones adversas, como el que genera la Pandemia Covid-19, se requiere optar por una mentalidad empresarial innovadora, tanto para crear nuevos negocios o para adaptar los negocios existentes a una dinámica de mercado más compleja. Esta investigación permite al lector acceder a una serie de aportaciones científicas, donde se fundamenta de manera relevante conceptos como: Covid-19, la mentalidad empresarial y el Design Thinking que es considerado un proceso que aporta innovación en la toma de decisiones de los emprendedores y que les permite resolver problemas en contextos de alta complejidad