Allogamy in quinua : rate in Mendoza (Argentina)

Se ha estimado la tasa de alogamia (a) de la variedad Sajama de Quinua (Chenopodium quinoa W), en Chacras de Coria (Luján de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina). Su determinación se efectuó en función de los cruzamientos naturales detectados en la progenie de la variedad Sajama, reconocidos por la manifestación en plántula del marcador dominante proveniente de la variedad Paca. La alogamia determinada fue de 17,36 ± 0,82 %, lo que permite considerar a esta población como parcialmente autógama. Este valor prácticamente duplica el valor máximo sugerido para esta especie en ensayos similares. La distribución de la tasa de alogamia entre individuos origina una curva asimétrica (A = 0,33) Y leptocúrtica (k = 0,34), que no se ajusta a la normal. El valor logrado de a máximo fue de 36 % Y el mínimo, de %, mientras que el C.v. dio 53,80 %. Esta distribución concuerda con la citada bibliográficamente para otras poblaciones, realizadas a partir de observaciones de la estructura floral.It is informed that the estimated alogamia rate (a) of the Sajama of Quinua variety (Chenopoduim quinoa W), in Chacras de Coria (Luján de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina). The allogamy rate was estimated in function of the natural outcrossings found in the progeny of the Sajama variety, recognized by the revelation in plantule of the dominant marker coming from the Paca variety. The determined allogamy was 17,36 ± 0,82 %, that allows us to consider this population as partly autogamous. This value practically double the maximun value suggested for this species, in similar rehearsals. The distribution of allogamy rate among progeny creates an asymmetric (skewness = 0,33) Y leptokurtic (kurtosis = 0,34) curve, not adjusted to the normal distribution. The a maximun value achieved was 36 % and the minimun was %, while the C.V. value was 53,80 %. This distribution conciliates with the prediction done by others populations bibliography, from observations of the floral structure.Fil: Silvestri, Víctor. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Ciencias BiológicasFil: Gil, Flavia. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Producción Agropecuari

Associations between clones and morphologic abnormalities in red type garlic ( Allium sativum L.)

Con el objeto de detectar la influencia del genotipo en la presencia de anormalidades morfológicas, se tomó una muestra de 200 bulbillos de cada uno de los 7 clones de ajo colorado, incluidos en un ensayo experimental en bloques completamente aleatorizados con 4 repeticiones, en un solo ambiente de expresión. En cada clon se computaron las proporciones de bulbos normales, pera, cebollón y doble. En los bulbos normales se midió la distribución de calibres. Se compararon las proporciones de anormalidades entre los clones. Un clon se diferenció (p < 0,05) de los restantes por no poseer malformaciones y presentar un calibre promedio bajo. Utilizando en conjunto la información obtenida, se realizó un análisis de componentes principales y de conglomerado. Se utilizó la distancia euclidiana promedio y el método de ligamiento promedio. Los dos primeros ejes del análisis de componentes principales representaron el 74% de la variación de los datos. La información obtenida permitió reunir 3 grupos de clones por su asociación a calibres y anormalidades morfológicas. El primer grupo formado por un clon sin anormalidades y con mayor proporción de calibre 4 y 5; el segundo, de cuatro clones con presencia de ajo cebollón y el tercero, de dos clones asociados a los bulbos pera, dobles y de calibres 6. Se demostró la influencia del genotipo en la frecuencia de anormalidades morfológicas.With the object to detect the influence of the genotype in the presence of morphologic abnormalities, a sample of 200 took cloves of each of 7 clones of red garlic was taken included in an experimental essay in blocks completely randomized with 4 repetitions, in only one environment of expression. In every clone there were calculated the proportions of normal bulbs, pear-like bulbs, onion-like bulbs and double bulbs cloves. In the normal bulbs the distribution of calibres measured up. The proportions of abnormalities were compared between the clones. A clone differed (p < 0.05) of the remaining ones for not possessing malformations and a low average calibre presented. Using the obtained information as a whole, an analysis of principal components and of the clustering was made. The euclidea average distance and the method of average linkage was used. The first two axes of the analysis of the principal components represented 74% of the variation of the data. The obtained information allowed to assemble 3 groups of clones because of its association to calibres and morphologic abnormalities. The first group formed by a clone without abnormalities and with major proportion of calibre 4 and 5; the second one, formed by four clones with the presence of onion-like bulbs and the third one, of two clones associated with the pear-like bulbs, doubles bulbs cloves and of calibres 6. The influence of the genotype was demonstrated in the frequency of morphologic abnormalities.Fil: Silvestri, Víctor. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Ciencias BiológicasFil: López Frasca, Adriana. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Ciencias BiológicasFil: Rigoni, Carlos. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Ciencias BiológicasFil: Togno, Leonardo. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Ciencias Biológica

Evaluation method in field of the blue mold resistance in garlic accessions

Con el objeto de ajustar un método de evaluación a campo para facilitar la selección de clones de ajo (Allium sativum L.) con resistencia a Penicillium allii, se realizó un ensayo replicado en el cual se midió la respuesta de tres clones experimentales a la infección, en dos épocas de plantación. Los tratamientos incluyeron combinaciones de presencia o ausencia de: a) desinfección de la "semilla", b) heridas artificiales en los bulbillos, c) inoculación artificial. Los bulbillos con la hoja envolvente se desinfectaron con una solución diluida de hipoclorito de sodio. La inoculación se realizó mediante la inmersión en una solución de 106 esporas•ml-1. Las heridas se realizaron con una lanceta (blood lancet). Los bulbillos se incubaron en cámara húmeda durante 24 horas a 20 °C, antes de plantación. Las variables respuestas computadas fueron las siguientes: número de plantas muertas, y vivas con síntomas y sin síntomas, a los 152 días de plantación en la primera época y 118 días en la segunda; número de bulbos por calibres y rendimiento a cosecha. La información obtenida se analizó a través de correspondencia simple, diferencia de proporciones y análisis paramétricos. Se detectaron mayores diferencias entre los tratamientos en la tasa de sobrevivencia y en la proporción de calibres comerciales en la época tardía. No se observaron diferencias (p < 0,05) del rendimiento en la plantación temprana. La herida fue determinante en el ingreso del patógeno. Los tratamientos quedaron limitados a un testigo: desinfectado, no inoculado y sin herida, y a un tratamiento: desinfectado, con inoculación y herida. Con respecto a la época, resultó conveniente la evaluación en plantaciones tardías porque se expresan mejor las diferencias entre los tratamientos.In order to establish a method of selection in the field of clones of garlic (Allium sativum L.) resistance to Penicillium allii, a test was conducted to measure the response of three clones to the infection, at two times of plantation that corresponded to cycles of 152 (early plantation) and 118 days (late plantation). The treatments included combinations of presence or absence of: a) disinfection of the "seed", b) artificial wounds in the cloves, c) artificial inoculation. The cloves and their surrounding leaf were disinfected with diluted sodium hypochlorite. The inoculation consisted of dipping the cloves in a solution of 106 spores•ml-1. The wounds were produced by a blood lancet. The cloves were incubated in humid chamber for 24 hours at 20 °C, before plantation. The variables measured were number of plants dead, alive with symptoms and alive without symptoms, 152 and 118 days after plantation and bulb diameter and yield. Results were analyzed statistically using non parametric and parametric tests. Significant differences between treatments were found 118 days after plantation regarding the rate of survival and the proportion of commercial calibers. No differences in yield (p < 0.05) were detected in the early plantation. Wounding was determinant for the entrance of the pathogen. It is concluded that treatments can be limited to a control (disinfection, not inoculated and not wounded) and a treatment with disinfection, inoculation and wounding. Late plantations are more sensible to the detection of differences between treatments.Fil: López Frasca, Adriana. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Ciencias BiológicasFil: Rigoni, Carlos. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Ciencias BiológicasFil: Silvestri, Víctor. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Ciencias BiológicasFil: Togno, Leonardo. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Ciencias BiológicasFil: González, Andrés. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Ciencias Biológica

Evolving trends in the management of acute appendicitis during COVID-19 waves. The ACIE appy II study

Background: In 2020, ACIE Appy study showed that COVID-19 pandemic heavily affected the management of patients with acute appendicitis (AA) worldwide, with an increased rate of non-operative management (NOM) strategies and a trend toward open surgery due to concern of virus transmission by laparoscopy and controversial recommendations on this issue. The aim of this study was to survey again the same group of surgeons to assess if any difference in management attitudes of AA had occurred in the later stages of the outbreak. Methods: From August 15 to September 30, 2021, an online questionnaire was sent to all 709 participants of the ACIE Appy study. The questionnaire included questions on personal protective equipment (PPE), local policies and screening for SARS-CoV-2 infection, NOM, surgical approach and disease presentations in 2021. The results were compared with the results from the previous study. Results: A total of 476 answers were collected (response rate 67.1%). Screening policies were significatively improved with most patients screened regardless of symptoms (89.5% vs. 37.4%) with PCR and antigenic test as the preferred test (74.1% vs. 26.3%). More patients tested positive before surgery and commercial systems were the preferred ones to filter smoke plumes during laparoscopy. Laparoscopic appendicectomy was the first option in the treatment of AA, with a declined use of NOM. Conclusion: Management of AA has improved in the last waves of pandemic. Increased evidence regarding SARS-COV-2 infection along with a timely healthcare systems response has been translated into tailored attitudes and a better care for patients with AA worldwide

Low-Intensity, High-Frequency Grazing Strategy Increases Herbage Production and Beef Cattle Performance on Sorghum Pastures

We assessed the effects of high-intensity and low-frequency (HILF) vs. low-intensity and high-frequency (LIHF) grazing on herbage production and performance of beef cattle grazing sorghum pastures. The experimental design was a complete randomized block with two treatments and four replicates (paddocks), carried out in 2014/15. The management target of 50 and 30 cm for pre- and post-grazing, respectively, a LIHF grazing management strategy oriented to maximize beef cattle herbage intake per unit time, was compared with a HILF grazing management strategy of 80 and 20 cm for pre- and post-grazing, respectively, aiming to maximize herbage accumulation and harvest efficiency. Sixteen Brangus steers of 15-month-old and 265 ± 21 kg of live weight (LW) were randomly distributed to paddocks (experimental units). The LIHF resulted in shorter rest periods when compared with the HILF. The greater leaf lamina mass in LIHF allowed greater sward light interception at post-grazing, resulting in greater total herbage production than HILF (7581 and 4154 kg DM/ha, respectively). The average daily gain (ADG) of steers was greater for the LIHF than for the HILF treatment (0.950 and 0.702 kg/animal, respectively); however, even with a greater stocking rate in the HILF, there was no difference for LW gain per ha, with an average of 4 kg LW/ha/day. Our findings demonstrated that the LIHF strategy that is based on offering to the animals an optimal sward structure to favor the maximum herbage intake rate fosters greater herbage production, harvesting efficiency, and ADG without compromising LW gain per area of beef steers, despite the lower herbage harvested per stocking cycle

Las asociaciones culturales barriales como espacios para el comercio de arte en Buenos Aires. Un caso de estudio

At the beginning of the 20th century, art commerce in Buenos Aires was concentrated in well-based galleries and auction houses. Simultaneously, away from the city center, many alternative exhibition spaces opened in local cultural associations. These institutions focused on supporting young artists and bonding with similar organizations, in order to expand their activities beyond their neighborhoods and the city limits. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the exhibition and commerce of works of art in these “alternative” contexts, where artists, collectors, critics, and public generated singular market dynamics. To this end, we will concentrate on the Ateneo Popular de La Boca, founded in 1926, as a case study

Toward a Research Agenda on Digital Media and Humanity Well-Being

In the 2020s, an American citizen will spend an average of 6h35 a day on social media, compared to 3h35 for television. As for social networks, which were non-existent less than 20 years ago, about 40\% of US citizens use them at least once a week as source of news and they now have an estimated 60-70% penetration rate worldwide.This means that in less than a generation, digital media have radically transformed the way we inform and socialize, and that this transformation is still ongoing as older generations are gradually replaced by digital natives. From a scientific point of view, this transformation generates many phenomena to be studied, and even "unknown unknowns" whose effects will be revealed only with time.This roadmap covers the issues, impacts and future challenges of digital media as they relate to human well-being in the broadest sense, from mental health to the health of democracies.Its objective is to initiate a new interdisciplinary research community in this field, to define a research agenda, to formulate recommendations for future digital media policy and design, and to inspire future EU calls for projects to develop innovative and transdisciplinary research on these societal challenges.The roadmap is the result of the EU-funded project DIGEING conducted by an international consortium with the help of an interdisciplinary advisory group of international experts. Its writing was based on an hybrid methodology developped at CNRS and powered by GarganText, where the advisory group acted both as catalyst and guide for a larger collaborative mapping of the state-of-the-art and identification of challenges of that emerging field. More than forty researchers from fourteen European countries have contributed to the writing of this roadmap.This roadmap is complemented by online interactive maps that can be used by researchers to situate themselves in this evolving scientific landscape and by research funding agencies to launch new calls for projects