NOVAS FORMAS DE PARTICIPAÇÃO NA GESTÃO PÚBLICA: UM SISTEMA ALTERNATIVO PARA GARANTIR A PARTICIPAÇÃO EFETIVA DA COMUNIDADE LOCAL

A partir da Constituição Federal de 1988, com o advento da descentralização do poder, dando aos municípios autonomia para planejamento e execução das políticas urbanas de desenvolvimento, a sociedade passou a ter um papel de poder local que pode ser fundamental para a melhoria da qualidade de vida, desde que tenha uma participação efetiva e continua na gestão pública. Este estudo tem como objetivo discutir as principais formas de participação da sociedade na gestão pública e propor um sistema alternativo de participação direta da comunidade local. A partir do levantamento bibliográfico foram identificados os estudos sobre experiências de participação na gestão pública de municípios brasileiros. As discussões sobre as experiências propiciaram destacar os principais aspectos e limitações das formas de participação, indicando como mais adequado que o cidadão participe desde o início do processo, ou seja, a partir de planejamento participativo, com a proposição de um sistema de participação direta da comunidade local

Gestão: análise do desempenho econômico-financeiro de organizações brasileiras de capital aberto de ensino superior

In 2007, in Brazil, emerged the first three open-capital educational companies, named Anhanguera, Estácio and Kroton. The objective of this study was to determine and analyze the economic-financial performance of these Higher Education Institutions (HEI) with shares in the Brazilian stock market from 2007 to 2013. The following indicators were used: a) generation of value measured by E.V.A; b) cash generation capacity measured by EBITDA; and c) financial situation evaluated by the Fleuriet Method. With descriptive methodology and documentary analysis, the performance of HEI was calculated, analyzed and compared. The results showed that all three presented a solid financial situation, with great divergence while the cash generation capacity. In the period studied, only Estácio generated value to shareholders. The results of the research also revealed that the economic and financial performance of these HEIs is very dependent on government policies for access and financing of higher education.En 2007, en Brasil, surgieron las tres primeras empresas educativas de capital abierto, denominadas Anhanguera, Estácio y Kroton. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar y analizar el desempeño económico-financiero de estas Instituciones de Enseñanza Superior (IES) con acciones en el mercado accionario brasileño, en el período de 2007 a 2013. Se utilizaron indicadores de: a) generación de valor medido por el E.V.A .; b) capacidad de generación de caja medida por el EBITDA; y c) situación financiera evaluada por el método Fleuriet. Con metodología descriptiva y análisis documental se verificaron, analizaron y compararon los resultados de la IES. Los resultados demostraron que las tres presentaron una situación financiera sólida, con gran divergencia en cuanto a la capacidad de generación de caja. En el período estudiado, sólo la Estácio generó valor a los accionistas. Los resultados de la investigación también revelaron que el desempeño económico-financiero de estas IES es muy dependiente de las políticas gubernamentales de acceso y financiamiento de la enseñanza superior.Em 2007, no Brasil, surgiram as três primeiras empresas educacionais de capital aberto, denominadas Anhanguera, Estácio e Kroton. O objetivo deste estudo foi apurar e analisar o desempenho econômico-financeiro destas Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) com ações no mercado acionário brasileiro, no período de 2007 a 2013. Utilizou-se indicadores de: a) geração de valor mensurado pelo E.V.A.; b) capacidade de geração de caixa mensurada pelo EBITDA; e c) situação financeira avaliada pelo Método Fleuriet. Com metodologia descritiva e análise documental foram apurados, analisados e comparados os desempenhos da IES. Os resultados demonstraram que as três apresentaram situação financeira sólida, com grande divergência quando à capacidade de geração de caixa. No período estudado, apenas a Estácio gerou valor aos acionistas. Os resultados da pesquisa também revelaram que o desempenho econômico-financeiro destas IES é muito dependente das políticas governamentais de acesso e financiamento do ensino superior

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data