EVALUACIÓN DE COLOR DEL GARBANZO (Cicer arietinum L.) POR MÉTODOS INSTRUMENTALES Y SENSORIALES

Chickpea is a well recognized source of vegetable protein, especially in underdeveloped areas of the world. Mexican chickpea is highly priced in the international market due to its desired quality. The Northwest of Mexico, especially Sonora and Sinaloa, are also recognized for the quality of chickpea, where a high percentage of the annual production is placed in the international market. Among the various characteristics of high-quality chickpea, color is one of the most important, since it influences both: the selection of new improved varieties at the experimental research stations, and also the price at the international market. The purpose of this study was to evaluate two objective instrumental methods of color determination as related to sensory evaluation analysis, using a panel of trained judges. The color determination method with the highest correlation with sensory evaluation results could be used for the implementation of a color scale for chickpeas. Results from this study will help the improvement selection programs at the agriculture experimental stations for the selection of chickpea varieties with better color quality attributes and also it will increase the commercialization of chickpea produced in the Northwest of Mexico. Ten chickpea samples were selected for this study: seven were chickpea varieties and three were advanced lines, under improved selection programs. Samples were measured by the reflectometer, AGTRON (Md. M300A) and Hunter Lab. apparatus. Sensory evaluation analyses were conducted using a ranking test, where a trained panel of twelve judges ranked chickpea samples in their preference of color. Statistical analyses of variance showed a significantly high correlation between objective and subjective methodologies for color determination.Chickpeas, color, instrumental methods, sensory evaluation., Agribusiness,

Condiciones socioeconómicas y de salud de grupos de población infantil que residen en localidades rurales de Sonora, México

Objective: From the approach of Environmental Justice, this work compares the socioeconomic conditions that characterize social disadvantaged population groups, with an emphasis on children residents in rural locations located in the main agricultural regions of the state of Sonora, Mexico. Methodology: The study is quantitative, non-experimental, cross-relational and comparative. The information was obtained from a family socioeconomic questionnaire applied to women-mothers (n 363) and a psychological test to children (n = 698). With the data of the first instrument, the Socioeconomic Conditions Index (ICSe) and the Health Conditions Index (ICSa) are elaborated. Results: The ISCe differs significantly by type of location (0.001); by indigenous origin (0.001); by agricultural area (0.04), from lowest to highest level in north south center. Conclusions: The socioeconomic and health conditions of the population that resides in rural localities are lower than, those of the control group (urban); the children population of indigenous origin presents conditions of greater vulnerability; of the rural group, the population that resides in the northern and central region has lower socioeconomic conditions. It is recommended to continue the study and implement social intervention programs that address such differences.Objetivo: desde el enfoque de Justica Ambiental, este trabajo compara las condiciones socioeconómicas que caracterizan a grupos de población en desventaja social, con énfasis en los niños/as residentes en localidades rurales situadas en las principales regiones agrícolas del estado de Sonora, México. Metodología: el estudio es cuantitativo, no experimental, transversal relacional y comparativo. La información se obtuvo de un cuestionario socioeconómico familiar aplicado a mujeres-madre (n 363) y un test psicológico a población infantil (n=698). Con los datos del primer instrumento se elaboró el Índice de Condiciones Socioeconómicas (ICSe) y el de Condiciones de Salud (ICSa). Resultados: el ICSe difiere de manera altamente significativa por tipo de localidad (.0001); por origen indígena (0.001); y por zona agrícola (0.04), de menor a mayor nivel en norte sur centro. Limitaciones: respecto al ICSa, la información fue proporcionada por las madres de los niños/as. Se sugiere corroborar los datos de salud de los niños/as con especialistas de salud reconocidos oficialmente. Conclusiones: las condiciones socioeconómicas y de salud de la población que reside en localidades rurales son más bajas que las del grupo control (urbano). La población infantil de origen indígena presenta condiciones de mayor vulnerabilidad. En el grupo rural, la población que reside en la región norte y centro presenta condiciones socioeconómicas más bajas. Se recomienda continuar el estudio e instrumentar programas de intervención social que atiendan tales diferencias

EVALUACIÓN DE COLOR DEL GARBANZO (Cicer arietinum L.) POR MÉTODOS INSTRUMENTALES Y SENSORIALES

Chickpea is a well recognized source of vegetable protein, especially in underdeveloped areas of the world. Mexican chickpea is highly priced in the international market due to its desired quality. The Northwest of Mexico, especially Sonora and Sinaloa, are also recognized for the quality of chickpea, where a high percentage of the annual production is placed in the international market. Among the various characteristics of high-quality chickpea, color is one of the most important, since it influences both: the selection of new improved varieties at the experimental research stations, and also the price at the international market. The purpose of this study was to evaluate two objective instrumental methods of color determination as related to sensory evaluation analysis, using a panel of trained judges. The color determination method with the highest correlation with sensory evaluation results could be used for the implementation of a color scale for chickpeas. Results from this study will help the improvement selection programs at the agriculture experimental stations for the selection of chickpea varieties with better color quality attributes and also it will increase the commercialization of chickpea produced in the Northwest of Mexico. Ten chickpea samples were selected for this study: seven were chickpea varieties and three were advanced lines, under improved selection programs. Samples were measured by the reflectometer, AGTRON (Md. M300A) and Hunter Lab. apparatus. Sensory evaluation analyses were conducted using a ranking test, where a trained panel of twelve judges ranked chickpea samples in their preference of color. Statistical analyses of variance showed a significantly high correlation between objective and subjective methodologies for color determination