Efeito do alumínio e de Glomus leptotichum Shenck e Smith no desenvolvimento de cultivares de Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit tolerante e intolerante ao alumínio

A greenhouse experiment was carryed out to evaluate the mycorrhiza x toxic Al interaction in the substrate using a factorial design 2x2x2. Two cultivars of Leucaena leucocephala; a Al-tolerant (plant 49 - Estrada do Bongue) and another Al-intolerant (NO 749), were grown in washed sand and sterilized with addition of nutrient solution. The mycorrhiza was established with the inoculation of Glomus leptotichum Shenck e Smith and a control plot without VA fungi. It were evaluated two Al levels, 0 and 9 ppm, added to nutrient solution. The plants were harvested at 65 days after seedlings transplantation and shoot height, shoot dry matter weight, root colonization and shoot concentration of N, P, K,Ca, Mg and Al were determined. The following results can be formulated from the experiment herein analyzed: a), there was a plant growth increased and uptake of nutrient promoted by Glomus leptotichum, b) the Al-intolerant cultivar showed greater mycorrhizal dependence and were more benefit, presenting greater shoot dry matter weight and shoot nutrients acumulation. In these experimental conditions there was not significant difference between the Al levels used and also there was not interference in the cultivars growth.Com o objetivo de avaliar a interação micorrízica X Al tóxico no substrato efetuou-se um experimento fatorial 2x2x2, em casa de vegetação, no Departamento de Genética da ESALQ/USP, em Piracicaba. Foram empregadas duas cultivares de Leucaena leucocephala, uma Al - tolerante (Planta 49 - Estrada do Bongue) e outra Al-intolerante (NO749), cultivadas em areia lavada e esterilizada, com adição de solução nutritiva. A micorriza foi estabelecida com a inoculação de Glomus teptotichum Shenck e Smith no substrato, mantendo-se como testemunha a ausência do fungo. Dois níveis de Al foram avaliados, 0 e 9 ppm, adicionados à solução nutritiva. Aos 65 dias após o transplante das plântulas procedeu-se à colheita e foram determinados o peso da metária seca da parte aérea, altura de planta, porcentagem de colonização radicular, teor e quantidade acumulada de N, P, K, Ca, Mg e Al na parte aérea. Observou-se um acentuado efeito promotor da micorriza em Leucaena, o que geroulhe incrementos tanto no desenvolvimento da planta como na absorção de nutrientes. A cultivar intolerante ao Al tóxico mostrou-se mais dependente da micorriza e inclusive mais beneficiada,apresentando os maiores acréscimos na produção de matéria seca e acúmulo de nutrientes na parte aérea. Nas condições do experimento não houve acentuada diferença entre as doses de Al empregadas e, apesar do maior acúmulo do elemento em plantas micorrizadas, não foi observado interferência no desenvolvimento das cultivares

Bacterial community composition and diversity of two different forms of an organic residue of bioenergy crop

The use of residue of sugarcane ethanol industry named vinasse in fertirrigation is an established and widespread practice in Brazil. Both non-concentrated vinasse (NCV) and concentrated vinasse (CV) are used in fertirrigation, particularly to replace the potassium fertilizer. Although studies on the chemical and organic composition of vinasse and their impact on nitrous oxide emissions when applied in soil have been carried out, no studies have evaluated the microbial community composition and diversity in different forms of vinasse. We assessed the bacterial community composition of NCV and CV by non-culturable and culturable approaches. The non-culturable bacterial community was assessed by next generation sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene and culturable community by isolation of bacterial strains and molecular and biochemical characterization. Additionally, we assessed in the bacterial strains the presence of genes of nitrogen cycle nitrification and denitrification pathways. The microbial community based on 16S rRNA sequences of NCV was overrepresented by Bacilli and Negativicutes while CV was mainly represented by Bacilli class. The isolated strains from the two types of vinasse belong to class Bacilli, similar to Lysinibacillus, encode for nirK gene related to denitrification pathway. This study highlights the bacterial microbial composition particularly in CV what residue is currently recycled and recommended as a sustainable practice in sugarcane cultivation in the tropics