Deterministic and Stochastic Prisoner's Dilemma Games: Experiments in Interdependent Security

This paper examines experiments on interdependent security prisoner's dilemma games with repeated play. By utilizing a Bayesian hierarchical model, we examine how subjects make investment decisions as a function of their previous experience and their treatment condition. Our main findings are that individuals have differing underlying propensities to invest that vary across time, are affected by both the stochastic nature of the game and even more so by an individual's ability to learn about his or her counterpart's choices. Implications for individual decisions and the likely play of a person's counterpart are discussed in detail.

In vitro variability in fentanyl absorption by different membrane oxygenators

The membrane oxygenator has replaced the bubble oxygenator in a wide variety of clinical settings. The membrane oxygenators now manufactured can be grouped into three categories based on composition and design: (1) silicone with a true membrane structure; (2) polypropylene with a microporous sheet; and (3) polypropylene with a microtubular structure. The capacity for fentanyl uptake by membrane oxygenators from these three categories was studied in vitro. Representative membrane samples were incubated in solutions containing tritiated fentanyl in Normosol-R (Abbott, North Chicago, IL) with pH adjusted to 7.4 at 37[deg]C. Fentanyl analysis was performed using liquid scintillation and radioimmunoassay techniques. The uptake of fentanyl at various concentrations (340 to 10 ng/mL) was studied. The SciMed (type 1: SciMed, Minneapolis, MN) membrane showed the greatest capacity for fentanyl uptake at all concentrations. The SciMed oxygenator was capable of binding 130 ng fentanyl/cm2 membrane. When presented with a smaller concentration (2, respectively. Using the higher fentanyl concentrations (2 compared with only 2 ng/cm2 by the Shiley. The Bentley BCM 7 and Terumo Capiox 1108 microtubular microporous membranes (type 3) did not show absorption of fentanyl using isolated or intact membrane models. It is concluded that oxygenators of different design and/or composition have different capacities for fentanyl uptake.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/28547/1/0000346.pd

A comparison of work-related values between professional temporary employees and professional traditional employees in the aerospace industry

One segment of the Temporary Help Services (THS) industry which has not been well researched is that of the Professional temporary employee. The career THS professional employee is an employee who categorically refuses permanent employment. There is no research which compares the professional career THS employee with the traditional employee. This study examines the work values and expectations of technical writers within one company and compares responses of career THS employees and incidental THS employees with those of permanent employees in that same company. The Campbell Organizational Survey and the Work Values Survey were administered and the results were analyzed. Except for the perception of "Benefits" work cluster there were no significant differences between the groups. It was then possible to assume that perception of the organization was held constant. Differences in work values among groups were found. Results were discussed

Bayesian analysis of deterministic and stochastic prisoner's dilemma games

This paper compares the behavior of individuals playing a classic two-person deterministic prisoner's dilemma (PD) game with choice data obtained from repeated interdependent security prisoner's dilemma games with varying probabilities of loss and the ability to learn (or not learn) about the actions of one's counterpart, an area of recent interest in experimental economics. This novel data set, from a series of controlled laboratory experiments, is analyzed using Bayesian hierarchical methods, the first application of such methods in this research domain. We find that individuals are much more likely to be cooperative when payoffs are deterministic than when the outcomes are probabilistic. A key factor explaining this difference is that subjects in a stochastic PD game respond not just to what their counterparts did but also to whether or not they suffered a loss. These findings are interpreted in the context of behavioral theories of commitment, altruism and reciprocity. The work provides a linkage between Bayesian statistics, experimental economics, and consumer psychology

The Deaf Community and Law Enforcement

[Chapter Abstract] Like any other population, the Deaf community as part of society will have individuals they come into contact with law enforcement officers and the criminal justice system. Because of differences in hearing ability and communication, law enforcement officers and both Deaf suspects and victims will often face challenges while navigating these interactions. The officer will not be likely to realize that a suspect or victim is Deaf until they are attempting to communicate. This can have dire consequences for the Deaf suspect who may find themselves at a disadvantage when interacting with law enforcement and may escalate routine situations. The Miranda warnings, interrogations, and criminal charges may also be affected by a lack of awareness and communication with Deaf suspects.https://nsuworks.nova.edu/cps_facbooks/1799/thumbnail.jp