Leachate treatment process at a municipal stabilized landfill by catalytic ozonation: an exploratory study from Taguchi orthogonal array

Catalytic ozonation has been recognized in the scientific community as an efficient technique, reaching elevated rates of recalcitrant organic material mineralization, even at the presence of scavenger species of hydroxyl free radicals. This study presents the most significant factors involving the leachate treatment stabilized by the municipal landfill of the city of Guaratinguetá, State of São Paulo, Brazil, by using a catalytic ozonation activated by metallic ions Fe3+, Zn2+, Mn2+, Ni2+ and Cr3+. The Taguchi L16 orthogonal array and its associated statistical methods were also used in this study. Among the researched ions, the most notable catalysis was obtained with ferric ion, statistically significant in the reduction of COD with a confidence level of 99.5%.Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES

Adubação fosfatada e regime de uso de uma caatinga raleada. 2. Produção do estrato herbáceo.

A pesquisa objetivou determinar os efeitos da adubação fosfatada, do regime de uso e do sistema de manejo sobre a produção da vegetação herbácea da caatinga raleada. 0 experimento foi um fatorial de 23x3, (dois níveis de adubação, dois regime de uso, dois sistemas de manejo e três anos), em parcelas subdivididas, com distribuição em blocos ao acaso, com tres repetições. Os resultados indicaram que a adubação aumentou a produtividade do estrato herbáceo, desde que associada ao uso da pastagem ao meio e ao fim do período chuvoso. 0 corte nao afetou a produtividade das gramíneas e das ervas anuais, enquanto que, o pastejo com ovinos favoreceu a produção das ervas. As flutuayoes anuais da produção de fitomassa foram elevadas, dependeram, provavelmente, das precipitações pluviais, e apontam a necessidade de prazos prolongados para a confiabilidade dos resultados da pesquisa nesta área de conhecimento

A canonical transformation and the tunneling probability for the birth of an asymptotically DeSitter universe with dust

In the present work, we study the quantum cosmology description of closed Friedmann-Robertson-Walker models in the presence of a positive cosmological constant and a generic perfect fluid. We work in the Schutz's variational formalism. If one uses the scale factor and its canonically conjugated momentum as the phase space variables that describe the geometrical sector of these models, one obtains Wheeler-DeWitt equations with operator ordering ambiguities. In order to avoid those ambiguities and simplify the quantum treatment of the models, we introduce new phase space variables. We explicitly demonstrate that the transformation leading from the old set of variables to the new one is canonical. In order to show that the above canonical transformations simplify the quantum treatment of those models, we consider a particular model where the perfect fluid is dust. We solve the Wheeler-DeWitt equation numerically using the Crank-Nicholson scheme and determine the time evolution of the initial wave function. Finally, we compare the results for the present model with the ones for another model where the only difference is the presence of a radiative perfect fluid, instead of dust.Comment: Revtex4, 18 pages, 2 EPS figure

A LOCAL DIFFERENTIAL QUADRATURE METHOD WITH VARIABLE SHAPE MULTIQUADRICS: TESTS ON POISSON EQUATION AND FLUID DYNAMICS USING CONSISTENT CLOUD REFINEMENTS

A meshless Local Differential Quadrature Method for solving partial differential equations is presented in this paper. It is based in a point cloud discretization and local supports. A basis set of Multiquadric functions is employed for determining the weight coefficients in derivative approximations. Tests with the Poisson equation are presented for verifying the converge behavior of the method in Clouds with Unstructured Generation (CUG’s). A consistent refinement procedure for varying the multiquadric shape parameter between local supports is proposed. The method is finally applied for solving the classical benchmark problem of natural convection in a square cavity. Satisfactory results were obtained in comparison with the reference literature