Laparoscopic Upper-pole Nephroureterectomy In Infants

Objective: Report the results of laparoscopic upper-pole nephroureterectomy in infants. Materials and Methods: Six consecutive infants underwent 7 laparoscopic upper-pole nephroureterectomy. Pre and post-operative evaluation included renal sonography, voiding cystourethrogram and renal scintigraphy. All infants showed upper-pole exclusion. Surgery was performed through a transperitoneal approach with full flank position in all infants. Three or 4 ports were used according to the necessity of retracting the liver. The distal ureter was ligated close to the bladder whenever reflux was present and the dysplastic upper-pole was divided with the help of an electrocautery. Data regarding operative time, postoperative use of analgesics, time to resume oral feeding, hospital stay and tubular function were collected and analyzed. Results: All procedures were concluded as planned. Mean operative time was 135 min. One patient underwent staged bilateral upper-pole nephrectomy. There were no complications and the postoperative hospital stay was 48 hours in 5 procedures and 24 hours in 2 procedures. Pain medication was required only in the first day. Renal tubular function showed improvement in half of the cases. Conclusion: Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy is a safe and feasible procedure in infants. Due to the magnification provided by the lenses, a better vision of the structures is achieved, facilitating selective dissection of vascular upper-pole, renal parenchyma and distal ureter. This approach is less damaging to the lower pole, and is associated to low morbidity and a short hospital stay.3318791Peters, C.A., Laparoscopic and robotic approach to genitourinary anomalies in children (2004) Urol Clin North Am, 31, pp. 595-605Robinson, B.C., Snow, B.W., Cartwright, P.C., De Vries, C.R., Hamilton, B.D., Anderson, J.B., Comparison of laparoscopic versus open partial nephrectomy in a pediatric series (2003) J Urol, 169, pp. 638-640Steyaert, H., Valla, J.S., Minimally invasive urologic surgery in children: An overview of what can be done (2005) Eur J Pediatr Surg, 15, pp. 307-313Koyle, M.A., Woo, H.H., Kavoussi, L.R., Laparoscopic nephrectomy in the first year of life (1993) J Pediatr Surg, 28, pp. 693-695Valla, J.S., Breaud, J., Carfagna, L., Tursini, S., Steyaert, H., Treatment of ureterocele on duplex ureter: Upper pole nephrectomy by retroperitoneoscopy in children based on a series of 24 cases (2003) Eur Urol, 43, pp. 426-429Jordan, G.H., Winslow, B.H., Laparoendoscopic upper pole partial nephrectomy with ureterectomy (1993) J Urol, 150, pp. 940-943Horowitz, M., Shah, S.M., Ferzli, G., Syad, P.I., Glassberg, K.I., Laparoscopic partial upper pole nephrectomy in infants and children (2001) BJU Int, 87, pp. 514-516Gill, I.S., Delworth, M.G., Munch, L.C., Laparoscopic retroperitoneal partial nephrectomy (1994) J Urol, 152, pp. 1539-1542Borzi, P.A., A comparison of the lateral and posterior retroperitoneoscopic approach for complete and partial nephroureterectomy in children (2001) BJU Int, 87, pp. 517-520Desgrandchamps, F., Gossot, D., Jabbour, M.E., Meria, P., Teillac, P., Le Duc, A., A 3 trocar technique for transperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy (1999) J Urol, 161, pp. 1530-1532Hulbert, W.C., Rabinowitz, R., Prenatal diagnosis of duplex system hydronephrosis: Effect on renal salvage (1998) Urology, 51, pp. 23-26El-Ghoneimi, A., Farhat, W., Bolduc, S., Bagli, D., McLorie, G., Khoury, A., Retroperitoneal laparoscopic vs open partial nephroureterectomy in children (2003) BJU Int, 91, pp. 532-535Jednak, R., Kryger, J.V., Barthold, J.S., Gonzalez, R., A simplified technique of upper pole heminephrectomy for duplex kidney (2000) J Urol, 164, pp. 1326-1328Borzi, P.A., Yeung, C.K., Selective approach for transperitoneal and extraperitoneal endoscopic nephrectomy in children (2004) J Urol, 171, pp. 814-816Guillonneau, B., Ballanger, P., Lugagne, P.M., Valla, J.S., Vallancien, G., Laparoscopic versus lumboscopic nephrectomy (1996) Eur Urol, 29, pp. 288-291Janetschek, G., Seibold, J., Radmayr, C., Bartsch, G., Laparoscopic heminephroureterectomy in pediatric patients (1997) J Urol, 158, pp. 1928-193

Planos de amostragem de ovos de cigarrinhas em pastagens de Brachiaria decumbens

A sampling study of spittlebug eggs in pastures of Brachiaria decumbens was conducted by using a sample unit of 15 x 15 cm. The number of samples required for a certain level of precision was inversely proportional to population density. A crude estimate of number of samples necessary for 10, 15 and 20% of precision were 133,59 and 33, respectively. A study of sampling variation showed that differences between plots were much more important than the block differences; therefore plot to plot variation must be considered while sampling spittlebug eggs. The distribution pattern of numbers of eggs per 225 cm2 of pasture fitted the negative binomial series. The sequential sampling plan presented here would reduce the sampling time over the conventional (fixed sample numbers) sampling.Foi conduzido um estudo sobre amostragem de ovos de cigarrinhas em pastagens de Brachiaria decumbens com o uso de uma unidade de amostragem de 15 x 15 cm. O número de amostras necessárias para um certo nível de precisão foi inversamente relacionado à densidade da população. Uma estimativa grosseira mostrou a necessidade de 133 amostras para se obter um nível de 10% de precisão, 59 para 15% e 33 para 20%. Um estudo sobre a variação na amostragem mostrou que a variação entre as parcelas foi mais importante do que entre os blocos; e assim sendo, a variação entre parcelas deve ser considerada na amostragem de ovos de cigarrinhas. O número de ovos por 225 cm2 de área de pastagens mostrou uma distribuição do tipo binomial negativa. Um plano de amostragem tipo sequencial, apresentado no presente trabalho, reduziria o tempo gasto na amostragem em comparação à amostragem convencional onde o número de amostras é fixo

Fusarium wilt incidence and common bean yield according to the preceding crop and the soil tillage system

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of preceding crops and tillage systems on the incidence of Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli) and common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) yield. The cultivar BRS Valente was cultivated under center‑pivot irrigation in the winter seasons of 2003, 2004 and 2005, after several preceding crops established in the summer seasons. Preceding crops included the legumes Cajanus cajan (pigeon pea), Stylosanthes guianensis, and Crotalaria spectabilis; the grasses Pennisetum glaucum (millet), Sorghum bicolor (forage sorghum), Panicum maximum, and Urochloa brizantha; and a consortium of maize (Zea mays) and U. brizantha (Santa Fé system). Experiments followed a strip‑plot design, with four replicates. Fusarium wilt incidence was higher in the no‑tillage system. Higher disease incidences corresponded to lower bean yields in 2003 and 2004. Previous summer cropping with U. brizantha, U. brizantha + maize consortium, and millet showed the lowest disease incidence. Therefore, the choice of preceding crops must be taken into account for managing Fusarium wilt on irrigated common bean crops in the Brazilian Cerrado