Contribution To The Study Of Measures For The Reduction Of Apparent Water Loss In Urban Areas

In Brazil, the average revenue losses of water utilities is around 36%. This value, resulting from high water losses, warns of the need for improvement in the efficiency of service providers, especially as regards the share of apparent losses which can represent more than 50% of total water losses. Focusing on this point, in this study was evaluated the influence of metrological class and the usage time of meters on under-registration, through study on pilot scale and tests in a laboratory scale. Thus, was proven significant reduction of apparent water losses due to the replacement of class B meters by the class C meters, and the economic viability of this investment. Furthermore, discoursed out about the interference of the use of water tanks and about the influence of tariff policy on the financial performance of the utilities and consumption of users.19324926

Degradação Fotocatalítica De Pesticida Organofosforado De Efluente Agrícola Por Tio2 Imobilizado Sob Radiação Solar

This paper describes solar heterogeneous photocatalysis using immobilized TiO2 applied in the treatment of agricultural waste resulting from the application of commercial formulations of methyl parathion. The disappearance of the insecticide, as well as the formation of its metabolite, was monitored by high-performance liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), while mineralization efficiency was monitored by measurements of total organic carbon (TOC). Toxicity studies were performed using the microcrustacean Artemia salina. The TOC removal efficiency by photocatalytic process was 48.5%. After 45 minutes of treatment, the removal efficiency of methyl parathion was 90%, being completely mineralized at the end of treatment. The formation and removal of the metabolite methyl paraoxon was observed during the photocatalytic process. The photocatalytic treatment resulted in increased microcrustacean mobility, indicating a reduction of acute toxicity. © 2016, Institute for Environmental Research in Hydrographic Basins (IPABHi). All rights reserved.11477878

Influência da consociação com diferentes trevos, da rega e da variedade na produção e qualidade do azevém italiano.

Havendo alguma evidência de que as leguminosas podem beneficiar as gramíneas pela transferência de azoto fixado seria de todo o interesse utilizar consociações em vez de azevém em estreme fertilizado com azoto. Como conclusões gerais, podemos referir que a utilização do trevo squarroso, em consociação com o azevém anual, se mostrou vantajosa, comparativamente aos outros trevos, pois mostrou tendência para apresentar valores mais elevados de produção total de matéria seca, proteína bruta e matéria seca digestível. Porém, as máximas produções foram obtidas com o azevém em estreme fertilizado com 100 kg/ha de azoto à sementeira e após cada corte. No ensaio comparativo entre diferentes dotações de rega e sequeiro verificou-se que mesmo a dotação mais baixa (25% da CC) permitiu duplicar o número de cortes. Em face dos resultados desta actividade, pode concluir-se que a rega pode contribuir, de forma muito significativa, para aumentar a produção e melhorar a qualidade da forragem produzida. A existência de regadio na região, ainda que com pouca água, é fundamental para regularizar a curva de produção de erva nas explorações pecuárias pois além de maiores produções, em quantidade e qualidade, o número de cortes também pode duplicar. A decisão de regar ou não vai depender da viabilidade económica. Relativamente à utilização da variedade bianual em vez da anual, parece não haver vantagem em condições de regadio pois, além de se ter revelado menos eficiente a utilizar a água, cresce pouco no Verão devido às elevadas temperaturas não se justificando, por isso, continuar a regar. Sem humidade no solo, a sua persistência é afectada pelo que não se torna viável continuar a explorá-la no ano seguinte. Assim, uma vez que a água é um recurso cada vez mais escasso e caro, parece que a melhor escolha é o azevém anual com o tratamento de rega mais baixo. No entanto, caso não exista água disponível para regar, a variedade bianual parece mais vantajosa

Electrolytic Treatment And Biosurfactants Applied To The Conservation Of Eugenia Uniflora Fruit

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Microorganisms are the primary responsible for food poisoning and food spoilage. The purpose of this study was to evaluate different fruit washing methods with tap water, electrolyzed water and rhamnolipids solution produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa LBI, in order to inhibit microbial growth. The tested organism was Eugenia uniflora. The fruits were washed and periodically inoculated into culture media to evaluate and count the colonies on the fruit surface. It was also observed the deterioration level of the fruits after each treatment. The results showed that treatment with rhamnolipids were the most efficient, inhibiting the growth of fungi and bacteria. The electrolyzed water proved to be very efficient in bacterial inhibition at the initial time, but in the final time it did not present any inhibitory effect. The electrolyzed water was also not effective in eliminating fungus. Washing with tap water was the less efficient treatment of all. The only treatment that showed an increased durability has been with rhamnolipids, increasing shelf life by up to two days. Thus rhamnolipids are the most recommended method for fruits sanitation. © 2016, Sociedade Brasileira de Ciencia e Tecnologia de Alimentos, SBCTA. All rights reserved.363456460CAPES, Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Chickpea genotype adaptation to Mediterranean Environment

Genotypes that fasten their development cycle showed higher grain yield. Earlier start of flowering means higher soil water availability and lower maximum temperatures (middle of April), allowing to set more flowers and pods per plant and consequently higher grain yield. End of flowering started on May 19 in earlier genotypes. On this date the most hydrated genotypes are the ones with the longest growth cycle. On May 19 the genotypes with higher grain yield were at the end of flowering and showed lower predawn water potential. Grain yield showed a good correlation with all yield components except with the 100 Seeds Weight (100SW). End of flowering started on May 19 in earlier genotypes. On this date the most hydrated genotypes are the ones with the longest growth cycle. On May 19 the genotypes with higher grain yield were at the end of flowering and showed lower predawn water potential. Grain yield showed a good correlation with all yield components except with the 100 Seeds Weight (100SW)

Reconstruction of panoramic dental Iimages through Bézier function optimization

The authors were grateful to CAPES, CNPq, and FAPESP for their financial support.Computed tomography (CT) and X-ray images have been extensively used as a valuable diagnostic tool in dentistry for surgical planning and treatment. Nowadays, dental cone beam CT has been extensively used in dental clinics. Therefore, it is possible to employ three-dimensional (3D) data from the CT to reconstruct a two-dimensional (2D) panoramic dental image that provides a longitudinal view of the mandibular region of the patient, avoiding an additional exposure to X-ray. In this work, we developed a new automatic method for reconstructing 2D panoramic images of the dental arch based on 3D CT images, using Bézier curves and optimization techniques. The proposed method was applied to five patients, some of them with missing teeth, and smooth panoramic images with good contrast were obtained.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Uso do índice de vegetação por diferença normalizada (NDVI) na avaliação do desenvolvimento de cafeeiros do Sul de Minas Gerais

O objetivo deste trabalho foi de observar o índice de vegetação por diferença normalizada (NDVI) em cafezais de Lavras, sul de Minas Gerais ao longo do tempo para utilização desta variável como ferramenta no manejo das lavouras. Foi realizado o estudo em cafezal no campus da Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA) no período de fevereiro de 2014 a março de 2015. Trinta plantas de Coffea arabica L, cv Catuaí IAC 144 com 6 anos de idade foram avaliadas semanalmente o NDVI em três posições e conteúdo de clorofila total em 4 posições. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de série temporal e cada variável foram submetidos à análise de correlação de Person (r). Os resultados indicam que Nas plantas de café valores de NDVI variaram em função da posição da planta e da época da medida, enquanto para NDVI e conteúdo de clorofila total foi observada uma correlação negativa. Contudo, a série temporal do NDVI é uma ferramenta útil no manejo de cafezais no sul de Minas Gerais

Thermal Diffusivity And Photoacoustic Spectroscopy Measurements In Cdte Quantum Dots Borosilicate Glasses

In this paper we describe the results of photoacoustic spectroscopy and thermal diffusivity measurements in borosilicate glass matrix with CdTe quantum dots. Samples treated at the temperature of 540°C for different periods were studied. The photoacoustic spectra show the absorption band of CdTe quantum dots, which shifts as a function of the thermal treatment time, revealing the evolution of the average radius of the nanocrystals, Thermal lens measurements provide the thermal diffusivity of the treated samples and give the behavior of the temperature coefficient of the refractive index, dn/dT, which is correlated to the transmittance spectra. © EDP Sciences.125273276Tudury, G.E., Marquezini, M.V., Ferreira, L.G., Barbosa, L.C., Cesar, C.L., (2000) Phys. Rev. B, 62, p. 7357Liu, Y., Reynoso, V.C.S., Barbosa, L.C., Cruz, C.H.B., Cesar, C.L., Fragnito, H.L., Alves, O.L., (1996) J. Mat. Sci. Lett., 15, p. 142Pereira, J.R.D., Mansanares, A.M., Palangana, A.J., Baesso, M.L., (2001) Phys. Rev. E, 64, p. 012701Mansanares, A.M., Baesso, M.L., Da Silva, E.C., Gandra, F.C.G., Vargas, H., Miranda, L.C.M., (1989) Phys. Rev. B, 40, p. 791

Screening chickpea resistance to water deficits: the yield perspective.

Screening a wide range of germplasm from our major crops (including legumes) to search for genetic variation of traits involved in stress resistance is extremely relevant in the context of predicted increase in aridity in several areas of the world, including the Mediterranean (1,2). On the other hand, the keystone of ‘crop drought resistance’ relies on the effective use by the crop of a limiting water supply (3,4). This can be achieved by choosing the appropriate genotype and/or agronomical practices such as the adjustment of crop phenology to its environment or the use of deficit irrigation. In the framework of the EU project KBBE-2008-212337 ‘Sustainable water use securing food production in dry areas of the Mediterranean region (SWUP-MED)’ we are studying a wide range of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) accessions in two sites (South Portugal and Syria/ICARDA) in what concerns yield potential under limiting and non-limiting soil water and the physiological traits underlying those responses. Chickpea is a widely grown grain legume offering high-quality protein, besides providing an input of N2 into the soil and a disease break in rotation with other crops. However, yield is still low in many of the growing regions, especially when terminal drought is likely to occur (5). We have identified a significant genetic variability in what concerns yield (from 1000 to above 2000kg. ha-1 under rainfed conditions), harvest index (from 25 to 60%) and plant water status under similar available soil water. Phenological differences may play an important role in explaining yield differences in the accessions studied. In addition to yield we will study seed quality traits as affected by the genotype and the environment. Our results will be used to model crop water requirements, predict yields and support breeding efforts (6)