Catch data of perch stocking (Wht300+Per50)

Catch biomasses of adult fish in response to perch stocking (Wht300+Per50) in the absence and presence of fishing (1 = 2 year old whitefish, 2 = 3 year old whitefish, 3 = 4 year old whitefish, 4 = 2 year old perch, 5 = 3 year old perch, 6 = 4 year old perch)

Catch data of increased whitefish stocking (Wht300)

Catch biomasses of adult fish in response to increased whitefish baseline (Wht300) in the absence and presence of fishing (1 = 2 year old whitefish, 2 = 3 year old whitefish, 3 = 4 year old whitefish, 4 = 2 year old perch, 5 = 3 year old perch, 6 = 4 year old perch)

Catch data of whitefish baseline stocking (Wht200)

Catch biomasses of adult fish in response to whitefish baseline stocking (Wht200) in the absence and presence of fishing (1 = 2 year old whitefish, 2 = 3 year old whitefish, 3 = 4 year old whitefish, 4 = 2 year old perch, 5 = 3 year old perch, 6 = 4 year old perch)

Data of increased whitefish stocking (Wht300)

Daily biomasses of each trophic level in response to increased whitefish stocking (Wht300) in the absence and presence of fishing

Data of perch stocking (Wht300+Per50)

Daily biomasses of each trophic level in response to perch stocking (Wht300+Per50) in the absence and presence of fishing

ESM - Material and Methods from Species' ecological functionality alters the outcome of fish stocking success predicted by a food-web model

Fish stocking is used worldwide in conservation and management, but its effects on food-web dynamics and ecosystem stability are poorly known. To better understand these effects and predict the outcomes of stocking, we used an empirically validated network model of a well-studied lake ecosystem. We simulate two stocking scenarios with two native fish species valuable for fishing. In the first scenario, we stock planktivorous fish (whitefish) larvae in the ecosystem. This leads to a 1% increase in adult whitefish biomasses and decreases the biomasses of the top predator (perch). In the second scenario, we also stock perch larvae in the ecosystem. This decreases the planktivorous whitefish and the oldest top predator age class biomasses, and destabilizes the ecosystem. Our results demonstrate that the effects of stocking depend on the species' position in the food web and thus cannot be assessed without considering interacting species. We further show that stocking can lead to undesired outcomes from both management and conservation perspectives. The gains of stocking can remain minor and have adverse effects on the entire ecosystem

Figure S1 from Species' ecological functionality alters the outcome of fish stocking success predicted by a food-web model

Changes in the adult whitefish and perch catches (as biomass densities) in response to increased whitefish (Wht300; black) and perch stocking (Wht300+Per50; red) compared to the whitefish baseline (Wht200; gray) during the 100 year fishing period

Figure S3 from Species' ecological functionality alters the outcome of fish stocking success predicted by a food-web model

Changes in the adult perch biomasses in response to perch stocking (Wht300+Per50 [red]; Wht300+Per25 [pink]; Wht300+Per75 [orange]) compared to the increased whitefish stocking (Wht300 [black]). Dashed lines indicate the time point when fishing was introduced to the simulations

Figure S4 from Species' ecological functionality alters the outcome of fish stocking success predicted by a food-web model

Changes in the adult whitefish and perch biomasses in response to increased whitefish (Wht300; black) and perch stocking (Wht300+Per50; red) compared to the whitefish baseline (Wht200; gray) under Fmax = 0.4 (10% lower fishing pressure than in the main text), Fmax = 0.5 (fishing pressure in the main text), and under Fmax = 0.6 (10% higher fishing pressure than in the main text). Dashed lines indicate the time point when fishing was introduced to the simulations

The effect of conditioning treatment, male size and their interaction on reproductive parameters in zebrafish.

<p>Significant predictors are indicated in bold.</p>a<p>χ² -value from the deletion of the variable from the full model</p>b<p>P-values derived from the χ² –statistics</p