Pre-pregnancy maternal obesity associates with endoplasmic reticulum stress in human umbilical vein endothelium

Obesity associates with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced endothelial dysfunction. Pregnant women with pre-pregnancy maternal obesity (PGMO) may transfer this potential risk to their offspring; however, whether ER stress occurs and associates with foetoplacental endothelial dysfunction in PGMO is unknown. We studied the l-arginine transport and nitric oxide (NO) synthesis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) from women with PGMO or with a normal pre-pregnancy weight. We analysed the expression and activation of the ER stress sensors protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α), and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6). PGMO associated with lower endothelial NO synthase activity due to increased Thr-inhibitor and decreased Ser-stimulator phosphorylation. However, higher expression and activity of the human cationic amino acid transporter 1 was found. PGMO caused activation of PERK and its downstream targets eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2α), C/EBP homologous protein 10 (CHOP), and tribbles-like protein 3 (TRB3). Increased IRE1α protein abundance (but not its phosphorylation or X-box binding protein 1-mRNA splicing) and increased c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 phosphorylation was seen in PGMO. A preferential nuclear location of the activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) was found in HUVECs from PGMO. All the changes seen in PGMO were blocked by TUDCA but unaltered by tunicamycin. Thus, PGMO may determine a state of ER stress via upregulation of the PERK-eIF2α-CHOP-TRB3 axis signalling in HUVECs. This phenomenon results in foetoplacental vascular endothelial dysfunction at birth

National Budget as Linked Open Data: New Tools for Supporting the Sustainability of Public Finances

This paper presents the visualization of national budget, a tool based on Semantic Web technologies that shows by graphic representations the Chilean budget law published annually, and their execution by each state agency. We describe the processes for consuming open data from the Budget National Agency, and how this data is transformed and published to linked open data, based on a National Budget Ontology. Although similar initiatives have been developed on transparency and public budget around the world, we consider that there is no previous experience showing optimized access mechanisms both for human and machine readable, providing in each case the highest level of aggregation, granularity and interoperability, making it understandable and easy to process complex data and legislation. As part of our analysis, we describe a recent scenario of usage in the context of the socio-political crisis in Chile, where we discuss the possible impact of the linked open dataset and data visualizations for distribution and control of funds, on the premise that this type of tools can support the decision making and sustainability of public finances. Finally, we present the results of our budget knowledge graph and the lessons learned during the development, allowing to replicate the process and enabling potential uses of the published data in other contexts

Cultura Hispanoamericana / Número 37 - Año IV

64 páginas.Notas de sus sesiones.- Por la paz. HISTORIA. Rodrigo de Bastidas.- Pedrarias y Balboa (Carta de Núñez de Balboa).- Documento interesante (Título de Capitán General de Nueva España a favor de Hernán Cortés). POLÍTICA. De la guerra (Rodríguez-Navas).- ¿Panamericanismo? (sobre la obra publicacada con este título por Roland G. Usher).- El problema hispanoamericana, conferencia de Rafael María de Labra en el Ateneo de Madrid (23 nov. 1915).- ¿Conquistadores o Conquistados?, por Roberto de Galaín.- Referencias a varias conferencias. LITERATURA. "España y sus problemas", obra de Javier Gómez de la Serna. VARIEDADES. Estado de Boyacá (Colombia).- BIBLIOGRAFÍA "De Geografía General" de Ricardo Beltrán y Rózpide, reseñado por J. Francisco V. Silva. NOTICIAS. Destacan datos de comercio internacional de Chile (1914

Impacts of Climate Change on Marine Fisheries and Aquaculture in Chile

The Chilean government is developing a comprehensive climate change policy for fisheries and aquaculture, including institutional, research and capacity building, to reduce vulnerability and improve adaptation in order to make this ecosystem services more resilient to future changes. This is illustrated by several case studies. The occurrence of cold, acidic and hypoxic upwelling seawater and ENSO events along the Chilean coast suggests important impact upon resources targeted by benthic fisheries. The distribution and abundance of calcifiers species such as Concholepas concholepas (loco) and bivalves (scallops, mussels, clams) are threatened by ocean acidification projected for upwelling regions, while macroalgae (kelps) are highly vulnerable to warmer conditions. With A2 and 4×CO2 climate change IPCC scenarios, the estimated sea surface temperature (SST) changes for Engraulis ringens (anchovy), Strangomera bentincki (common sardine) and Trachurus murphyi (jack mackerel) fishing areas showed an increase by 0.58°C–1.59°C and 0.62°C–2.51°C for both fishing areas until 2065, respectively. Based on the A2 climate change and the fishing effort scenarios, anchovy and common sardine landings would decrease, and jack mackerel landings would increase, mildly. In change, the 4×CO2 climate change, and fishing efforts scenarios, showed increases only in jack mackerel landings. The final chapter shows the current state of Chilean aquaculture, analyzes the available information on major climate forcings and establish scenarios of potential impacts on main farmed resources and on productive activities. The adaptations that should be considered to face the future climate scenario along Chilean coast are addressed

Clinical and Serological Features in Latin American IgG4-Related Disease Patients Differ According to Sex, Ethnicity, and Clinical Phenotype

Background/Objective Data on IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) come almost exclusively from cohorts from Asia, Europe, and North America. We conducted this study to describe the clinical presentation, phenotype distribution, and association with sex, ethnicity, and serological markers in a large cohort of Latin American patients with IgG4-RD. Methods We performed a multicenter medical records review study including 184 Latin American IgG4-RD patients. We assigned patients to clinical phenotypes: group 1 (pancreato-hepato-biliary), group 2 (retroperitoneal/aortic), group 3 (head and neck-limited), group 4 (Mikulicz/systemic), and group 5 (undefined). We focused the analysis on how sex, ethnicity, and clinical phenotype may influence the clinical and serological presentation. Results The mean age was 50.8 ± 15 years. Men and women were equally affected (52.2% vs 48.8%). Fifty-four patients (29.3%) were assigned to group 1, 21 (11.4%) to group 2, 57 (30.9%) to group 3, 32 (17.4%) to group 4, and 20 (10.8%) to group 5. Male sex was associated with biliary tract (odds ratio [OR], 3.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.36-8.26), kidney (OR, 3.4; 95% CI, 1.28-9.25), and retroperitoneal involvement (OR, 5.3; 95% CI, 1.45-20). Amerindian patients presented more frequently with atopy history and gallbladder involvement. Group 3 had a female predominance. Conclusions Latin American patients with IgG4-RD were younger, and men and women were equally affected compared with White and Asian cohorts. They belonged more commonly to group 1 and group 3. Retroperitoneal and aortic involvement was infrequent. Clinical and serological features differed according to sex, ethnicity, and clinical phenotype.Fil: Martín-Nares, Eduardo. Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán. Department of Immunology and Rheumatology; MéxicoFil: Baenas, Diego Federico. Hospital Privado Universitario de Córdoba. Servicio de Reumatología; ArgentinaFil: Cuellar Gutiérrez, María Carolina. Hospital Del Salvador. Departamento de Medicina Interna. Servicio de Reumatología; ChileFil: Hernández-Molina, Gabriela. Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán. Department of Immunology and Rheumatology; MéxicoFil: Ortiz, Alberto Christian. Hospital José María Cullen. Sección de Reumatología; ArgentinaFil: Neira, Oscar. Universidad de Chile. Hospital Del Salvador. Sección Reumatología; ChileFil: Neira, Oscar. Clínica Alemana de Santiago-Universidad Del Desarrollo. Unidad Reumatología; ChileFil: Gutiérrez, Miguel A. Universidad de Valparaíso. Hospital Naval Almirante Nef. Departamento de Reumatologia; ChileFil: Calvo, Romina. Hospital José María Cullen. Sección de Reumatología; ArgentinaFil: Saad, Emanuel José. Hospital Privado Universitario de Córdoba. Departamento de Clínica Médica; ArgentinaFil: Elgueta Pinochet, Sergio. Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile. Sección Reumatología. Departamento de Medicina; ChileFil: Gallo, Jesica. Hospital Central de Reconquista. Sección de Reumatología; ArgentinaFil: Herrera Moya, Alejandra. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Departamento de Inmunología Clínica y Reumatología; ChileFil: Mansilla Aravena, Bellanides Agustina. Hospital Clínico Magallanes; ArgentinaFil: Crespo Espíndola, María Elena. Hospital Señor Del Milagro; ArgentinaFil: Cairoli, Ernesto. Hospital Evangélico. Unidad de Enfermedades Autoinmunes; BrasilFil: Cairoli, Ernesto. Centro Asistencial Del Sindicato Médico Del Uruguay. Unidad de Enfermedades Autoinmunes; UruguayFil: Cairoli, Ernesto. Institut Pasteur. Laboratorio de Inmunorregulación e Inflamación; UruguayFil: Bertoli, Ana María. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Clínica Universitaria Reina Fabiola. Servicio de Reumatología; ArgentinaFil: Córdoba, Mercedes. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Clínica Universitaria Reina Fabiola. Servicio de Reumatología; ArgentinaFil: Wurmann Kiblisky, Pamela. Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile.Fil: Basualdo Arancibia, Washington Javier. Departamento de Medicina. Sección Reumatología; ChileFil: Badilla Piñeiro, María Natalia. Hospital Del Salvador, Universidad de Chile. Sección Reumatología; ChileFil: Gobbi, Carla Andrea. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Hospital Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Berbotto, Guillermo Ariel. Sanatorio Británico. Servicio de Reumatología; ArgentinaFil: Pisoni, Cecilia N. Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas Norberto Quirno. Sección Reumatología e Inmunología; ArgentinaFil: Juárez, Vicente. Hospital Señor Del Milagro; ArgentinaFil: Cosatti, Micaela Ana. Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas Norberto Quirno. Sección Reumatología e Inmunología; ArgentinaFil: Aste, Nora María. Reumatología; ArgentinaFil: Airoldi, Carla. Hospital Provincial. Reumatología; ArgentinaFil: Llanos, Carolina. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Departamento de Inmunología Clínica y Reumatología; ArgentinaFil: Vergara Melian, Cristian Fabián. Hospital San Martin de Quillota; ChileFil: Vergara Melian, Cristian Fabián. Clinica Ciudad Del Mar; ChileFil: Erlij Opazo, Daniel. Universidad de Chile. Hospital Del Salvador. Departamento de Medicina Oriente; ChileFil: Goecke, Annelise. Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile. Departamento de Medicina. Servicio de Reumatología; ChileFil: Pastenes Montaño, Paula Andrea. Hospital Carlos Van Buren. Servicio de Medicina. Departamento de Reumatología; ChileFil: Tate, Patricio. Organización Médica de Investigación; ArgentinaFil: Pirola, Juan Pablo. Sanatorio Argentino; ArgentinaFil: Stange Núñez, Lilith. Clínica Ciudad Del Mar. Centro de Artritis Reumatoide; ChileFil: Burgos, Paula I. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Departamento de Inmunología Clínica y Reumatología; ChileFil: Mezzano Robinson, María Verónica. Hospital Del Salvador. Clínica Las Condes; ChileFil: Michalland H, Susana. Universidad de Chile. Hospital Del Salvador. Sección Reumatología; ChileFil: Silva Labra, Francisco. Hospital Padre Hurtado. Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana-Universidad Del Desarrollo; ChileFil: Labarca Solar, Cristián Humberto. Hospital Padre Hurtado. Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana-Universidad Del Desarrollo; ChileFil: Lencina, María Verónica. Hospital Señor Del Milagro; ArgentinaFil: Izquierdo Loaiza, Jorge Hernán. Clínica de Occidente S.A. Grupo de Reumatología; ColombiaFil: Del Castillo Gil, David Julián. Clínica de Occidente S.A. Grupo de Reumatología; ColombiaFil: Caeiro, Francisco. Hospital Privado Universitario de Córdoba. Servicio de Reumatología; ArgentinaFil: Paira, Sergio. Hospital José María Cullen. Sección de Reumatología; Argentin