Acute and chronic effects of aerobic exercise on blood pressure in resistant hypertension: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Abstract Background Resistant hypertension is a specific condition that affects approximately 10% of subjects with hypertension, and is characterized by persistently high blood pressure levels even using therapy of three or more antihypertensive agents or with blood pressure control using therapy with four or more antihypertensive agents. Changes in lifestyle, such as physical exercise, are indicated for controlling blood pressure. However, investigating studies about this therapy in individuals with resistant hypertension are few. Methods/design This is a randomized controlled clinical trial. Forty-eight patients with resistant hypertension will be submitted to perform four short-term interventions: aerobic exercise sessions (mild-, moderate- and high-intensity) and control session, in random order and on separate days. After the short-term sessions, the patients will be randomly allocated into four groups for 8 weeks of follow-up: mild-, moderate- and high-intensity aerobic exercise, and a control group. The primary outcome is the occurrence of blood pressure reduction (office and ambulatory analysis, and acute and chronic effects). Secondary outcomes are autonomic and hemodynamic mechanisms: cardiac and vasomotor autonomic modulation, spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity, forearm blood flow and vascular resistance. Discussion The importance of exercise for hypertension has been known for decades, but little is known about the effects on patients with resistant hypertension. This study will help to understand whether different aerobic exercise intensities can induce different responses, as well as by what mechanisms adjustments in blood pressure levels may occur. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, ID: NCT02670681 . Registered on 28 January 2016 (first version); Brazilian Registry Platform Clinical Trials: protocol RBR-5q24zh . Registered on 24 June 2015

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Scaling left ventricular mass in adolescent female soccer players

© 2020 The Author(s). Background: The aim of the study was to examine the contribution of chronological age (CA), skeletal maturation, training experience and concurrent body size descriptors, to inter-individual variance in left ventricular mass (LVM) among female adolescent soccer players. Methods: The sample included 228 female soccer players 11.8-17.1 years. Training experience defined as years of participation in competitive soccer (range 2-9 years), was obtained by interview. Stature, body mass and skinfolds (triceps, medial calf) were measured. Fat mass was estimated; Fat-free mass was derived. LVM was assessed by echocardiography. Skeletal maturity status was as the difference of skeletal age (SA, Fels method) minus CA. Results: Fat-free mass was the most prominent single predictor of LVM (R2 = 36.6%). It was associated with an allometric coefficient close to linearity (k = 0.924, 95%CI: 0.737 to 1.112). A significant multiplicative allometric model including body mass, fat-free mass, CA, training experience and skeletal maturity status was also obtained (R = 0.684; R2 = 46.2%). Conclusion: Stature has limitations as a valid size descriptor of LVM. Body mass, fat-free mass, training experience, CA, body mass and skeletal maturity status were relevant factors contributing to inter-individual variability in LVM

Gastroplastia vertical com bandagem em y-de-roux: análise de resultados

OBJETIVO: Avaliar prospectivamente os resultados de pacientes obesos mórbidos submetidos a gastroplastia vertical com bandagem em Y-de-Roux no Hospital Universitário da Universidade Estadual de Londrina. MÉTODO: Analisamos consecutivamente 250 pacientes, sem cirurgia bariátrica prévia, que foram submetidos à cirurgia que associa a gastroplastia vertical com bandagem e derivação gastrojejunal em Y-de-Roux. Os parâmetros utilizados para análise dos resultados foram, morbidade, mortalidade e redução ponderal. O seguimento dos pacientes foi de, no mínimo, um ano. O índice de massa corpórea médio foi de 46 Kg/m². RESULTADOS: A incidência de complicações operatórias que exigiram reoperação foi de 2 %. Não houve óbito na presente série. Após um a três anos de "follow-up", observamos uma redução do peso pré-operatório em média de 37,5%. Acompanhando a perda de peso, detectamos uma importante melhora nas comorbidades, e, em alguns casos, controle total da doença associada com a obesidade. CONCLUSÕES: A gastroplastia vertical com bandagem em Y-de-Roux foi,em nosso serviço, efetiva em produzir perda de peso intensa e duradoura associada à baixa taxa de morbi-mortalidade