Ansiedade e depressão em estudantes de medicina: estudo transversal

Introdução: A prevalência de depressão e ansiedade entre universitários vem aumentando nas faculdades de medicina, e o sexo feminino é apontado como um possível fator predisponente ao esgotamento mental. Este estudo visa elucidar fatores associados, bem como a prevalência de sintomas depressivos e ansiosos em estudantes de medicina, contribuindo no estabelecimento de medidas de prevenção e tratamento para futuros médicos. Métodos: Estudo transversal envolvendo 812 estudantes de medicina. Foram aplicados questionários sobre dados sociodemográficos, o Inventário de Depressão de Beck - (BDI-II) e o Inventário de Ansiedade de Beck – (BAI). A análise estatística foi realizada no programa SPSS 22. A normalidade foi testada pelo teste de Shapiro-Wilk e as correlações foram avaliadas pelo teste de correlação de Spearman. Resultados: Foi observada uma prevalência de 34,2% de depressão entre os estudantes, considerando sintomas leves, moderados e graves. Em relação à ansiedade, o nosso estudo observou a prevalência de 46,3%. Entre os participantes com ansiedade, 56,4% apresentaram sintomas de depressão, sendo 22,6% mulheres; 50,3% dos alunos com depressão apresentaram sintomas de ansiedade, sendo 19,6% mulheres. Após análise com regressão logística, os sintomas de depressão estiveram relacionados à ansiedade (OR: 4,3; IC95%: 2,6-6,8; p < 0,001) e ao sexo feminino (OR: 1,7; IC95%: 1,04-2,6; p = 0,0320). Os sintomas de ansiedade, após ajuste de regressão logística, estiveram associados à depressão (OR: 4,3; IC95%: 2,7-6,8; p < 0,001) e ao sexo feminino (OR: 1,6; IC95%: 1,04-2,4; p = 0,039). Conclusão: Neste estudo as estudantes do sexo feminino, foram mais propensas a desenvolver ansiedade e depressão. No entanto, mais estudos são necessários para determinar se esse fenômeno se deve a mecanismos fisiológicos femininos ou a fatores sociais e culturais da sociedade patriarcal.Introduction: The prevalence of depression and anxiety among university students is increasing in medical schools, and the female sex is indicated as a possible factor predisposing to mental exhaustion. In addition, the female sex is pointed out as a possible predisposing factor to mental exhaustion. The study aims to elucidate associated factors, as well as the prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms in medical students, to contribute to the establishment of prevention and treatment measures for future doctors. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study involving 812 medical students. A questionnaire on sociodemographic data, the Beck Depression Inventory - (BDI-II) and the Beck Anxiety Inventory - (BAI), were applied. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS 22 program. Normality was tested by the Shapiro-Wilk and correlations were evaluated by the Spearman correlation test. Results: A prevalence of 34.2% of depression was observed among students, considering mild, moderate, and severe symptoms. Regarding anxiety, our study observed a prevalence of 46.3%. Among the participants with anxiety, 56.4% had symptoms of depression: 22.6% were women; 50.3% of the students with depression had symptoms of anxiety, and 19.6% were women. After logistic regression analysis, symptoms of depression were related to anxiety (OR: 4.3; 95%CI: 2.6-6.8; p < 0.001) and female sex (OR: 1.7; 95%CI: 1.04-2.6; p = 0.0320). Anxiety symptoms, after logistic regression analysis, were associated with depression (OR: 4.3; 95%CI: 2.7-6.8; p < 0.001) and female sex (OR: 1.6; 95%CI: 1.04-2.4; p = 0.039). Conclusion: In this study, female students were more likely to develop anxiety and depression. However, further studies are needed to determine whether this phenomenon is due to female physiological mechanisms or social and cultural factors of patriarchal society

Evaluation of molluscicidal activity of three mangrove species (Avicennia schaueriana, Laguncularia racemosa and Rhizophora mangle) and their effects on the bioactivity of Biomphalaria glabrata Say, 1818

Schistosomiasis is a disease of global extent reaching populations in social vulnerability. One of the control measures of this parasitosis is the use of molluscicidal substances that can fight snails of the genus Biomphalaria, intermediate hosts of Schistosoma mansoni. The aim of this work was to study the toxic activity of three mangrove species (Avicennia schaueriana Stapf. & Leech, ex Moldenke, 1939, Laguncularia racemosa (L.) CF Gaertn, 1807 and Rhizophora mangle L. 1753) on the biological activities of snails Biomphalaria glabrata. Hydroalcoholic extracts were prepared from the stem and leaves of each of the three plant species to which mollusks were exposed. The phytochemical analysis of plants showed the presence of important metabolites in the leaves and stems of L. racemosa and R. mangle, such as tannins and saponins, but the absence of these metabolites in A. schaueriana. Leaf and stem extracts of the three plant species showed low molluscicidal activity, not reaching the standards determined by the World Health Organization (WHO, 1983). L. racemosa and R. mangle has interfered with motility, feeding and oviposition of snails, unlike the extracts of A. schaueriana, which had no effect on these activities