A formação docente em questão: análise sobre a contribuição do programa institucional de bolsa de iniciação à docência (PIBID) para a formação profissional dos licenciandos da Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais – UEMG/The teacher education in question: analysis of the contribution of the institutional program of teaching initiation scholarship (PIBID) to the professional training of graduates of the State University of Minas Gerais – UEMG

O Programa Institucional de Bolsa de Iniciação à Docência – (PIBID, Capes 01/2011) tem se mostrado como uma das alternativas potenciais para fortalecer a formação inicial do licenciando, considerando as conexões entre os saberes que se constroem na universidade e os saberes que cotidianamente são produzidos e se entrecruzam nas unidades escolares. Com intuito de refletir e avaliar sobre esta experiência de inserção dos bolsistas no espaço escolar e a repercussão dessa prática, este trabalho buscou discutir e analisar os impactos desse programa para a formação profissional docente dos alunos-bolsistas deste programa. Como metodologia foi construído um questionário e disponibilizado aos alunos através do Google-drive. Para sustentar teórica e metodologicamente a presente pesquisa, tomou-se como aporte teórico o Sistema de Avaliatividade (Martin & White, 2005). Os resultados apontaram que os alunos consideram o programa essencial para a formação docente e acadêmica. Dessa forma, pode-se dizer que esta política nacional de formação tem contribuído para a qualificação dos discentes-bolsistas, tornando-os mais críticos a atuantes

A prenylated dsRNA sensor protects against severe COVID-19

Inherited genetic factors can influence the severity of COVID-19, but the molecular explanation underpinning a genetic association is often unclear. Intracellular antiviral defenses can inhibit the replication of viruses and reduce disease severity. To better understand the antiviral defenses relevant to COVID-19, we used interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) expression screening to reveal that OAS1, through RNase L, potently inhibits SARS-CoV-2. We show that a common splice-acceptor SNP (Rs10774671) governs whether people express prenylated OAS1 isoforms that are membrane-associated and sense specific regions of SARS-CoV-2 RNAs, or only express cytosolic, nonprenylated OAS1 that does not efficiently detect SARS-CoV-2. Importantly, in hospitalized patients, expression of prenylated OAS1 was associated with protection from severe COVID-19, suggesting this antiviral defense is a major component of a protective antiviral response

Jogos matemáticos como auxílio no processo de envelhecimento: um estudo junto aos idosos de um centro de convivência/Mathematical games as an aid in the aging process: a study with the elderly of a living center

O envelhecimento, enquanto fenômeno biológico apresenta-se em cada ser humano idoso de um modo singular.  A manutenção da eficácia cognitiva no envelhecer constitui-se em uma condição diferencial de qualidade de vida. A memória é uma complexa função mental que proporciona ao ser humano uma capacidade extraordinária de adaptação ao meio ambiente. A perspectiva de perda de memória é, portanto, algo assustador, já que traz em si o temor à perda da própria identidade. O projeto “Memorizar”, visou estimular a concentração, raciocínio e a observação do idoso, tornando-o capaz de enfrentar a decadência de habilidades cognitivas permanecendo inserido na sociedade, sendo reconhecido como ser autônomo e capaz do exercício pleno da cidadania. O projeto teve como objetivo a execução de um programa de exercício de memória por meio de jogos de raciocínio

Professores em formação: construindo a prática e a identidade profissional/ Teachers in training: building practice and professional identity

Este trabalho apresenta uma pesquisa realizada com estudantes de licenciatura da Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais com o objetivo de investigar o processo de construção identitária profissional vivenciado por eles. Para isso, foram realizadas análises das representações sociais e das estratégias de textualização, que se apresentam na tecitura de questionários e relatórios de estágio produzidos pelos licenciandos durante o estágio curricular supervisionado. Considerando-se a materialidade dos dados e os princípios teórico-metodológicos adotados, a pesquisa realizada foi, fundamentalmente, interpretativa e qualitativa (LANKSHEAR KNOBEL, 2008). Foram utilizados diversos autores como referencial teórico, tais como, Matencio (2003), Mondada e Dubois (2003), Moscovici (2003), Koch (2003), Kleiman (2007; 2008), Reichmann (2013; 2015). Após a realização da pesquisa é possível confirmar que as estratégias textuais utilizadas pelos licenciandos para responder aos questionários e produzir os relatórios, podem oferecer pistas de como eles (re) constroem suas Representações Sociais sobre o que é “ser professor” e de como (trans) formam e constroem sua identidade profissional durante o curso

Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE), Far Detector Technical Design Report, Volume II: DUNE Physics

The preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early universe, the dynamics of the supernovae that produced the heavy elements necessary for life, and whether protons eventually decay -- these mysteries at the forefront of particle physics and astrophysics are key to understanding the early evolution of our universe, its current state, and its eventual fate. DUNE is an international world-class experiment dedicated to addressing these questions as it searches for leptonic charge-parity symmetry violation, stands ready to capture supernova neutrino bursts, and seeks to observe nucleon decay as a signature of a grand unified theory underlying the standard model. The DUNE far detector technical design report (TDR) describes the DUNE physics program and the technical designs of the single- and dual-phase DUNE liquid argon TPC far detector modules. Volume II of this TDR, DUNE Physics, describes the array of identified scientific opportunities and key goals. Crucially, we also report our best current understanding of the capability of DUNE to realize these goals, along with the detailed arguments and investigations on which this understanding is based. This TDR volume documents the scientific basis underlying the conception and design of the LBNF/DUNE experimental configurations. As a result, the description of DUNE's experimental capabilities constitutes the bulk of the document. Key linkages between requirements for successful execution of the physics program and primary specifications of the experimental configurations are drawn and summarized. This document also serves a wider purpose as a statement on the scientific potential of DUNE as a central component within a global program of frontier theoretical and experimental particle physics research. Thus, the presentation also aims to serve as a resource for the particle physics community at large

Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) Near Detector Conceptual Design Report

International audienceThe Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is an international, world-class experiment aimed at exploring fundamental questions about the universe that are at the forefront of astrophysics and particle physics research. DUNE will study questions pertaining to the preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early universe, the dynamics of supernovae, the subtleties of neutrino interaction physics, and a number of beyond the Standard Model topics accessible in a powerful neutrino beam. A critical component of the DUNE physics program involves the study of changes in a powerful beam of neutrinos, i.e., neutrino oscillations, as the neutrinos propagate a long distance. The experiment consists of a near detector, sited close to the source of the beam, and a far detector, sited along the beam at a large distance. This document, the DUNE Near Detector Conceptual Design Report (CDR), describes the design of the DUNE near detector and the science program that drives the design and technology choices. The goals and requirements underlying the design, along with projected performance are given. It serves as a starting point for a more detailed design that will be described in future documents

Separation of track- and shower-like energy deposits in ProtoDUNE-SP using a convolutional neural network

International audienceLiquid argon time projection chamber detector technology provides high spatial and calorimetric resolutions on the charged particles traversing liquid argon. As a result, the technology has been used in a number of recent neutrino experiments, and is the technology of choice for the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE). In order to perform high precision measurements of neutrinos in the detector, final state particles need to be effectively identified, and their energy accurately reconstructed. This article proposes an algorithm based on a convolutional neural network to perform the classification of energy deposits and reconstructed particles as track-like or arising from electromagnetic cascades. Results from testing the algorithm on experimental data from ProtoDUNE-SP, a prototype of the DUNE far detector, are presented. The network identifies track- and shower-like particles, as well as Michel electrons, with high efficiency. The performance of the algorithm is consistent between experimental data and simulation

Separation of track- and shower-like energy deposits in ProtoDUNE-SP using a convolutional neural network

International audienceLiquid argon time projection chamber detector technology provides high spatial and calorimetric resolutions on the charged particles traversing liquid argon. As a result, the technology has been used in a number of recent neutrino experiments, and is the technology of choice for the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE). In order to perform high precision measurements of neutrinos in the detector, final state particles need to be effectively identified, and their energy accurately reconstructed. This article proposes an algorithm based on a convolutional neural network to perform the classification of energy deposits and reconstructed particles as track-like or arising from electromagnetic cascades. Results from testing the algorithm on experimental data from ProtoDUNE-SP, a prototype of the DUNE far detector, are presented. The network identifies track- and shower-like particles, as well as Michel electrons, with high efficiency. The performance of the algorithm is consistent between experimental data and simulation

Scintillation light detection in the 6-m drift-length ProtoDUNE Dual Phase liquid argon TPC

DUNE is a dual-site experiment for long-baseline neutrino oscillation studies, neutrino astrophysics and nucleon decay searches. ProtoDUNE Dual Phase (DP) is a 6 $\times$ 6 $\times$ 6 m$^3$ liquid argon time-projection-chamber (LArTPC) that recorded cosmic-muon data at the CERN Neutrino Platform in 2019–2020 as a prototype of the DUNE Far Detector. Charged particles propagating through the LArTPC produce ionization and scintillation light. The scintillation light signal in these detectors can provide the trigger for non-beam events. In addition, it adds precise timing capabilities and improves the calorimetry measurements. In ProtoDUNE-DP, scintillation and electroluminescence light produced by cosmic muons in the LArTPC is collected by photomultiplier tubes placed up to 7 m away from the ionizing track. In this paper, the ProtoDUNE-DP photon detection system performance is evaluated with a particular focus on the different wavelength shifters, such as PEN and TPB, and the use of Xe-doped LAr, considering its future use in giant LArTPCs. The scintillation light production and propagation processes are analyzed and a comparison of simulation to data is performed, improving understanding of the liquid argon properties.DUNE is a dual-site experiment for long-baseline neutrino oscillation studies, neutrino astrophysics and nucleon decay searches. ProtoDUNE Dual Phase (DP) is a 6x6x6m3 liquid argon time-projection-chamber (LArTPC) that recorded cosmic-muon data at the CERN Neutrino Platform in 2019-2020 as a prototype of the DUNE Far Detector. Charged particles propagating through the LArTPC produce ionization and scintillation light. The scintillation light signal in these detectors can provide the trigger for non-beam events. In addition, it adds precise timing capabilities and improves the calorimetry measurements. In ProtoDUNE-DP, scintillation and electroluminescence light produced by cosmic muons in the LArTPC is collected by photomultiplier tubes placed up to 7 m away from the ionizing track. In this paper, the ProtoDUNE-DP photon detection system performance is evaluated with a particular focus on the different wavelength shifters, such as PEN and TPB, and the use of Xe-doped LAr, considering its future use in giant LArTPCs. The scintillation light production and propagation processes are analyzed and a comparison of simulation to data is performed, improving understanding of the liquid argon properties