GIS as a Decision Support Tool in the Area of Influence of the Nuclear Complex Angra dos Reis, Brazil

The outlook concerning the occurrence of industrial accidents has led to the implementation of response systems based on geoprocessing tools, which are widely adopted in emergency for such ventures, since they have helped and served as a support for decision making, as well as for the preparation of guidelines aimed at managing emergencies. Nuclear power plants, because they constitute types of industrial activities that present dangerous conditions and attention regarding security are characterized as hazardous, especially due to consequences that occurred from large accidents— such as Chernobyl (1986) and Fukushima (2011)—highlighting the importance to its negative impacts, since the occurrence of accidents at nuclear power plants may affect surrounding areas, thus exposing a set of elements that are part of the environmental dynamics that integrates the catchment area where this type of plant is situated. In this way, through an integrated view of the region where the nuclear complex is located in Angra dos Reis City (Rio de Janeiro State) and, also, by aggregating information that portray the geobiophysical reality of its surroundings, several elements were incorporated into a database developed in a virtual environment, in which was produced a geographic information system (GIS) that presents a complex of variables that, once considered, can enhance various analysis in order to support emergency situations and planning, as well as guidelines that help define actions from the occurrence of accidental events at the nuclear plant.Indisponível

Computational Decision Support Systems Applied to Decision-Making Process in the Emergency Planning of the Angra dos Reis Nuclear Power Complex – Brazil

Industrial accidents pose risks to the entire environment located in the area of influence of the enterprises, especially when they are affected by the atmospheric dispersion of pollutants emitted, as in the case of a nuclear power plant, where the concern with the evacuation of the population is the main priority in critical situations , which reinforces the implementation of actions to support emergency planning and its management, whose support tools, among them the computational modeling that, based on atmospheric models and geographic information systems, are essential in the decision making process. Thus, based on the Angra dos Reis nuclear complex and the impacts that may affect its surroundings, studies using the integrated use of computational platforms served to evaluate the risks and consequences of a hypothetical accidental event, including the calculation of the thermo- source of nuclear fuel, meteorological characteristics, mechanisms of atmospheric dispersion of pollutants, as well as socio-environmental aspects of the region. Meteorological data (wind regime) characterize the wind field from the WRF model, which subsidized the dispersion of radionuclides calculated in the HYSPLIT, information associated with socioenvironmental data (landslides, population density, etc.), incorporated in a GIS database. The results demonstrate the importance of the integrated use of computational systems as tools that support decision-making, potentializing the application of solutions that contribute to support actions and guidelines of planning and governance in emergency situations

DISTRIBUIÇÃO ESPACIAL E USO DE GEOESTATÍSTICA NA FITONEMATOLOGIA

A variabilidade espacial de nematoides vem sendo estudada desde o início do século, por meio da utilização de diferentes métodos. No entanto, nos últimos anos a geoestatística apresentou importantes avanços na compreensão do comportamento espacial desses organismos. Para a fitonematologia, esta ferramenta fornece informações da distribuição das populações de nematoides nas áreas de cultivos, sendo utilizadas para o planejamento de práticas de manejo eficazes de doenças ocasionadas por estes patógenos. A principal vantagem da utilização da geoestatística é a redução dos custos de produção, após a identificação das zonas homogêneas, com técnicas de controle direcionadas, ou seja, com maior aproveitamento, de acordo com o mapa de distribuição espacial do nematoide no solo

EFICIÊNCIA DE DIFERENTES MÉTODOS DE EXTRAÇÃO DE MELOIDOGYNE SPP. NA CULTURA DA ACEROLEIRA

The acerola plant is an important crop for northeastern Brazil, due to its adaptation to the region's climate. One of its main phytosanitary problems in the culture is the losses caused by phytomatomatoids of the genus Meloidogyne, known as gall nematodes. In the various agronomic studies in the management of this disease in culture it is essential to isolate the pathogen to perform the study. In order to obtain suspension of phytomatoma inoculants, a fast, reliable and highly efficient method is necessary for the extraction of viable individuals from the soil and root system, both for field diagnostics, but also for laboratory research. The objective of the work was to evaluate different adaptations of the Jenkins method for soil samples and the Coolen and D'Harde method for root samples, regarding the amount of M. incognita and M. enterolobii extracted / mL, indicating which of these methodologies can obtaining the largest amount of specimens and eggs extracted from the acerola culture. Therefore, the best extraction methodologies were the treatments using a rotation speed of 1400 rpm for soil samples and the treatment using the addition of kaolin for extractions of aceroleira roots in the two Meloidogyne species. For the extraction centrifugation time, each species has a different processing time.A aceroleira é uma importante cultura para região nordeste do Brasil, devido ao sua adaptação ao clima da região. Um dos seus principais problemas fitossanitários na cultura são as perdas ocasionadas por fitonematoides do gênero Meloidogyne, conhecido como nematoides das galhas. Nos diversos estudos agronômicos no manejo desta doença na cultura é essencial o isolamento do patógeno para realizar de estudo. Para obtenção de suspensão de inóculo de fitonematoides é necessário um método rápido, confiável e altamente eficiente para a extração de indivíduos viáveis ​​do solo e sistema radicular, tanto para diagnósticos de campo, mas também para pesquisas em laboratório. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar diferentes adaptações do método de Jenkins para amostras de solo e o método de Coolen e D’Harde para amostras de raízes, quanto à quantidade de M. incognita e M. enterolobii  extraídos/mL, indicando qual destas metodologias pode-se obter a maior quantidade de espécimes e ovos extraídos da cultura da acerola. Portanto, as melhores metodologias de extração foram os tratamentos usando velocidade de rotação de 1400 rpm para amostras de solo e o tratamento utilizando a adição de caulim para extrações de raízes de aceroleira nas duas espécies de Meloidogyne. Para o tempo da centrifugação na extração, cada espécies tem um tempo de processamento diferente

Vulnerability Factors for Emergency Planning of the Angra dos Reis Nuclear Power Complex - RJ

The Angra dos Reis nuclear power complex, on the southern coast of the state of Rio de Janeiro, has in its geographic space different aspects that integrate the environmental dynamics of its area of influence, where geological, meteorological and demographic factors characterize the region as an environment complex, especially with the projection of emergency actions from an accidental event, especially from the point of view of the evacuation of the population in the impacted areas, presenting particularities that contribute to act as a negative impact in emergency situations, mainly in the phase response to a possible accident. With the support of geographic information systems (GIS), analyzes were made between the susceptibility to landslides and their occurrences (inventory of years 2007-2011), associating the rainfall regime and population density, aspects that demonstrate the vulnerability of the region, especially along the BR-101 highway, with the potential to render escape routes unfeasible in critical situations. The integrated analysis of these factors pointed out that, together, such elements are important bottlenecks for emergency situations in the region, and should be included as critical factors to be analyzed in order to contribute to subsidize actions and guidelines that should be applied in local emergency plannin

Converting Offshore Oil and Gas Infrastructures into Renewable Energy Generation Plants: An Economic and Technical Analysis of the Decommissioning Delay in the Brazilian Case

The offshore harnessing of oil and gas resources is made possible by massive infrastructures installed at sea. At the end-of-life stage, in the absence of new uses for offshore installations, decommissioning proceedings usually take place, requiring the removal and final disposal of all materials. In Brazilian waters, decommissioning is hampered by high costs. The offshore wind-power sector has arisen as a new clean power source, in line with worldwide de-carbonization initiatives. In this context, we propose an innovative approach suggesting offshore wind power projects as an alternative to the removal and final disposal of infrastructures, a potential solution to Brazilian offshore decommissioning. In this article we report on the assessment of structures at the end of their lifecycle along with decommissioning cost estimation. Then, we explore wind turbine installation viability along the Brazilian coast and estimate the levelized cost of energy for each wind turbine. Finally, the results allow us to conduct a critical analysis of customary decommissioning versus the repurposing of infrastructures as offshore wind power project sites in two scenarios involving site repurposing. Our main results indicate that the CapEx discount rate of wind power projects offsetting decommissioning is considerable, as are the benefits of delaying decommissioning in terms of reduced carbon emissions and the social effects of increased local employment rates, through the repurposing of offshore oil and gas infrastructures

Land use change sector contribution to the carbon historical emissions and the sustainability--Case study of the Brazilian Legal Amazon

The paper presents 5 methodological aspects for the historic land use change accountability to compare 2 databases: the Historical Database on the Global Environment of RIVM, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, adapted by the IVIG, International Virtual Institute of Global Change of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, named HYDE/IVIG and the Brazilian National Institute of Spatial Research database, named INPE database. The 5 aspects here considered are geographic limits; scale; basic methodology; deforestation concept; vegetal classification. It also presents their importance for the results of the calculus of deforested areas in the Brazilian Legal Amazon case. The use of the 2 databases information for carbon emissions calculation showed to be useful in terms of magnitude but not for qualitative analysis. The calculus of deforested areas is approximately similar for the period analyzed. According to HYDE/IVIG, the Brazilian Legal Amazon land use changes representing agriculture and pasture lands, account 422,070 km2, between 1750 and 1990 and the natural areas modified were originally classified as 3 types: tropical forest, wooded tropical forest and savanna. According to INPE, the cumulative Brazilian Legal Amazon deforestation until 1990 accounts 415,000 km2 and the natural areas modified were originally classified as 9 types. It means that different carbon contents by unit of deforestation have to be taken into account for the carbon emissions calculus. These numbers show the compatibility of the databases in terms of magnitude but the quality of the information present huge differences.Land use change Deforestation Sustainability Carbon historical emissions Methodological comparison

Time-spatial analysis supporting coastal erosion process evaluation at Atafona, São João da Barra (RJ)

This paper provides a presentation of the preliminary results obtained from cartographic mapping process with the aim of making an assessment of coastal erosion observed in Atafona beach, in São João da Barra district – RJ, as a requirement to make a spatial and temporal monitoring of this phenomenon. The records indicate erosion since 1975 in the south portion of the Paraíba do Sul River delta. So far, 183 buildings have already been destroyed, distributed in 14 blocks. The erosion process with real estates losses has directly affected the resident population. This work is an unfolding of a research project in the area of geological oceanography. Several cartographic data sources such as SPOT satellite image collection and LANDSAT7 ETM+ system were used for the following dates of acquisition: 14/07/1997, 29/08/1999 and 17/07/2001. Aerial photos are being used as well for the following dates: 1954, 1957, 1964, 1966, 1974, 1976 e 2000. The beach escarpment dynamics are being monitored by GPS system and the SPRING4.0 system is used to generate a spatial database and digital thematic maps indicating spatial configuration of erosion