7 research outputs found

    Congenital bronchial atresia: report of two cases. Contribution of CT scan to diagnosis

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    Bronchial atresia is a rare, congenital anomaly characterized by the presence of bronchocele with distal hyperinflation. The authors report two cases of segmental bronchial atresia and describe the clinical and roentgenographic findings supporting the diagnosis in the absence of other invasive diagnostic modalities or surgical exploration.Atresia brônquica congênita é uma anomalia rara, caracterizada pela presença de broncocele com hiperinsuflação distal. Relatam-se dois casos dessa anomalia e descrevem-se os achados clínicos e radiológicos que suportam o seu diagnóstico sem a necessidade de uso de métodos invasivos ou cirúrgicos.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de MedicinaHospital do Servidor Público Estadual Serviço de Doenças RespiratóriasUNIFESP, EPMSciEL

    High-dose inhaled beclomethasone treatment in patients with chronic cough: a randomized placebo-controlled study

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    Background: It is important to determine whether chronic cough is associated with asthma and can be helped by treatment with inhaled corticosteroids.Objective: To compare the effects of beclomethasone and placebo in patients with chronic cough for at least 8 weeks after excluding those with cough due to postnasal drip and gastroesophageal reflux disease.Methods: A prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study comprising 64 patients was performed for 2 weeks. The active group received metered-dose inhaler chlorofluorocarbon-beclomethasone (1,500 mu g/d), and the placebo group C received identical-appearing placebo inhalers. All the participants completed a respiratory questionnaire and underwent bronc, choprovocation testing (BPT) with methacholine and allergy skin testing. The primary outcome measure was a decrease in daily cough scores (symptom diary and visual analog scale) during the 2-week treatment period.Results: The active group comprised 44 patients and the placebo group 20 patients. Cough duration averaged 20 weeks. At the end of treatment 82% of the active group and 15% of the placebo group had complete resolution of cough. In the active group 22 patients (50%) had positive BPT results, and in the placebo group 10 patients (50%) had positive results. There was no correlation between treatment response and responses on the respiratory questionnaire, allergy skin testing, or BPT.Conclusion: Therapy with high-dose inhaled beclomethasone provided an excellent response in a subgroup of patients with chronic cough that did not correlate with atopy or airway hyperresponsiveness.Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Med, Div Resp, BR-01228000 Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Med, Div Resp, BR-01228000 Sao Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

    Environmental factors and hospitalization of under-five children with acute respiratory infection

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    Considering hospitalization as an indicator of seriousness of acute respiratory infection (ARI), this study focuses on the association between some environmental factors with the need for hospitalization of children with a diagnosis of ARI. The study analyzed all the medical records (at the Municipal Emergency Ward in Cuiabá, Mato Grosso State) of children under five years of age (both sexes), collected by month of attendance. Two weather seasons were considered: dry (May-October) and rainy (November-April). Variables included: temperature, relative humidity, and number of fires (due to extensive slashing and burning for agriculture in the region). Prevalence of ARI was 49.8%, and hospitalization was required in 7.6% of cases, with a higher percentage during the dry season. The dry season and lower relative humidity were associated with increased pediatric hospitalization rate due to ARI.Considerando a hospitalização como um indicador de gravidade da Infecção Respiratória Aguda (IRA), objetiva-se estudar a associação de alguns fatores ambientais com a necessidade de tratamento hospitalar em crianças com diagnóstico de IRA. Foram analisados todos os prontuários de atendimento do Pronto Socorro Municipal de Cuiabá, das crianças menores de cinco anos, de ambos os sexos, agrupados por mês do atendimento. Obedecendo às características climáticas da região, dois períodos climáticos foram levados em conta: seco (maio a outubro) e chuvoso (novembro a abril). As variáveis: temperatura, umidade relativa do ar, o número de focos de calor (queimadas) foram cotejadas. A prevalência da IRA foi 49,8%; a necessidade de internação alcançou 7,6%, com percentual de internações maior no período seco. Conclui-se que o período seco e a umidade relativa do ar estão associados com as hospitalizações das crianças estudadas

    Community-acquired pneumonia in outpatients: epidemiological, clinical and radiographic features between atypical and non-atypical pneumonia

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    Aim: To evaluated the etiologic percentage of the atypical pneumoniae in outpatients and to identify the epidemiologic, clinical and radiographic features that permit to distinguish between atypical and non-atypical pneumonia. Methods: All patients underwent clinical and radiographic evaluation. Serum and sputum samples were obtained to serological tests including Legionella sp, Chlamydia sp, M. pneumoniae, Influenza A and Influenza B virus, and Gram stain, respectively. These procedures were performed on the first and 21 days after inclusion. Three independent observers reviewed chest X-rays. Results: During 22 months, 129 patients were evaluated. The final population under study comprised 69 patients (46 men ¾ 23 women) with a mean age of 37 years. The etiologic diagnosis was defined in 34 (50%) of the patients. Etiologic agents included Chlamydia sp, 11 (16%) isolated cases; M. pneumoniae 7 (10%) cases. Influenza A was the third more frequent agent in 4 (6%) patients, and Legionella sp in 4 (6%). Mixed infections were observed with association of Chlamydia sp and M. pneumoniae in 5 (7.3%) cases, Chlamydia sp and Influenza B one (1.5%) case, and another of M. pneumoniae and Influenza A. The atypical pneumonia and non-atypical pneumonia groups were compared to respiratory symptoms and signs. There were no differences between them. The three independent observers' radiographic evaluation showed disagreement among them as to the type of pneumonia. Radiographic diagnoses of individual observers were compared to the clinical diagnoses, and no significant association was obtained for any observer. Conclusion: Pneumonia caused by atypical agents occurs in 50% of the outpatients with community acquired pneumonia. It is not possible to distinguish atypical pneumonia from non-atypical pneumonia. The clinical and radiographic presentations are similar in both groups.Objetivo: Avaliar o percentual etiológico das pneumonias atípicas tratadas ambulatorialmente. Identificar os fatores epidemiológicos, clínicos e radiológicos que permitam diferenciar pneumonia atípica de não atípica. Métodos: Os pacientes foram submetidos a avaliação clínica, radiológica, coleta de escarro para estudo pelo método de Gram e sangue para testes sorológicos, incluindo Legionella pneumophila, Chlamydia sp, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, vírus Influenza A e Influenza B, no primeiro dia e 21 dias após inclusão. As radiografias de tórax foram revistas por três observadores independentes que desconheciam o quadro clínico. Resultados: Avaliados inicialmente 129 pacientes durante 22 meses. A amostra final para estudo comparativo entre os grupos consistiu de 69 pacientes que tinham em média 37 anos, sendo 46 (67%) homens e 23 (33%) mulheres. O diagnóstico etiológico foi definido em 34 (50%) dos pacientes. Chlamydia sp foi o agente atípico mais freqüente, com 11 (16%) casos, seguido por M. pneumoniae com 7 (10%). Influenza A respondeu por 4 (6%) dos casos e Legionella em 4 (6%) pacientes. Infecções mistas foram evidenciadas, com associação de Chlamydia sp e M. pneumoniae em 5 (7%) casos, Chlamydia sp e Influenza B em um caso e M. pneumoniae e Influenza A em outro. A presença de sintomas respiratórios e achados gerais sugestivos de pneumonia atípica foram comparados entre os grupos e não foram observadas diferenças significantes. A avaliação radiológica realizada por três observadores independentes mostrou discordância entre eles para os tipos de pneumonia. O diagnóstico radiográfico de cada observador comparado com o diagnóstico clínico não mostrou associação significante. Conclusões: A pneumonia causada por agente atípico ocorre em 50% dos pacientes com pneumonia adquirida na comunidade em tratamento ambulatorial. Não é possível distinguir pacientes com pneumonia atípica de pneumonia não atípica. A apresentação clínica e a radiológica são similares nos dois grupos

    Embolia pulmonar decorrente de coriocarcinoma metastático com apresentação atípica Pulmonary embolism resulting from metastatic choriocarcinoma with atypical presentation: report of a case

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    É apresentado o caso de uma paciente de 36 anos, com coriocarcinoma metastático pulmonar com apresentação clínica e radiológica atípica. O achado de hipertensão pulmonar indicou a possibilidade de tromboembolia pulmonar; todavia, o diagnóstico definitivo e causa da embolia pulmonar foram dados na autópsia. Discutem-se as formas de apresentação das metástases do coriocarcinoma, sua repercussão e o período de latência que pode existir até evidenciar a neoplasia.<br>A case is presented of a 36 year-old woman, with metastatic lung choriocarcinoma with atypical clinical and radiological presentation. The finding of pulmonary hypertension indicated the possibility of pulmonary thromboembolism, still, the definitive diagnosis and cause of pulmonary embolism were done in the autopsy. The authors discuss the manners of choriocarcinoma metastasis presentation, its repercussions and the latent period which may exist until it presents evidence of neoplasm

    Ensaio clínico, aberto, controlado sobre a adição de brometo de ipratrópio ao fenoterol no tratamento da crise de asma em adultos Open, controlled clinical assay of the addition of ipratropium bromide to fenoterol in the treatment of acute asthma crisis in adults

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    No tratamento da crise de asma, empregam-se doses repetidas de drogas b2-agonistas por via inalatória. O efeito da adição do brometo de ipratrópio (BI) ao b2-agonistas é controverso em adultos. OBJETIVO: Avaliar se adição de BI ao fenoterol, em tratamentos inalatórios repetidos, induz a maior broncodilatação, com reversibilidade da crise e alta da emergência em pacientes em crise grave de asma. LOCAL DO ESTUDO: Serviço de Pronto-Atendimento de Pneumologia, Disciplina de Pneumologia da Unifesp-Hospital São Paulo, no período de julho de 1995 a fevereiro de 1997. TIPO DE ESTUDO: Aberto, randomizado, paralelo. Alta da emergência determinada pelo VEF1 e PFE > 60% do previsto. CASUÍSTICA E MÉTODOS: Cento e vinte pacientes em crise de asma foram divididos em dois grupos (N = 60): fenoterol (F) e brometo de ipratrópio + fenoterol (BIF) com VEF1 e PFE < 50% do previsto. Cada grupo recebeu três tratamentos inalatórios, através de nebulímetro e câmara de expansão, administrados em intervalos de 30 minutos. No grupo F foram administrados 4 jatos de fenoterol (400mcg) e no grupo BIF, 160mcg de BI e 400mcg de fenoterol (4 jatos). RESULTADOS: A média (± DP) do PFE basal (F = 36 ± 7% vs. BIF = 35 ± 9% previsto) e do VEF1 basal (F = 33 ± 9% vs. BIF = 32 ± 9%). Trinta e dois pacientes no grupo F e 33 pacientes no grupo BIF tiveram alta após tratamentos inalatórios. O VEF1 e PFE ao final dos tratamentos inalatórios foram, respectivamente, F = 60 ± 13% vs. BIF = 61 ± 11% e F = 74 ± 18% vs. BIF = 77 ± 13% (NS). CONCLUSÃO: A adição de brometo de ipratrópio ao fenoterol resulta em efeito funcional insignificante e sem impacto clínico no tratamento da crise de asma em adultos.<br>Repeated dosis of inhaled b2-agonists have been used in the treatment of acute asthma. The effect of added ipratropium bromide (IB) to b2-agonist is controversial in adults. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate if addition of IB to fenoterol, in repeated doses, induces a greater bronchodilation, a greater reversion of the attack, and discharge from emergency unit in adults with acute severe asthma. SETTING: Pneumology Emergency Department, Unifesp-Hospital São Paulo, in the period from July 1995 to February 1997. TYPE OF STUDY: Open, randomized and parallel study. Discharge from the hospital: FEV1 and PEF > 60% of the predicted value. METHODS: 120 patients with FEV1 and PEF < 50% of the predicted value were divided into two groups (N = 60): fenoterol (F) and ipratropium bromide + fenoterol (IBF). Each group received inhalation treatment through a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) attached to a holding chamber, administered at 30-minute interval, for a total of three treatments. In the group F four puffs of fenoterol (400 mg) were administered, and in the IBF group, 160 mg of BI and 400 mg of fenoterol (four puffs). RESULTS: The patients did not differ from basal PEF (F = 36 ± 7% vs IBF = 35 ± 9% predicted) and basal FEV1 (F = 33 ± 9% vs IBF = 32 ± 9% predicted). Thirty-two patients of group F and 33 of group IBF were discharged from hospital after the inhalation treatment. The final FEV1 and PEF after inhalation treatments were F = 60 ± 13% vs IBF = 61 ± 11% e F = 74 ± 18% vs IBF = 77 ± 13% (NS). CONCLUSION: The addition of ipratropium bromide to fenoterol results in insignificant functional effect and without clinical impact in the treatment of acute asthma in adults
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