Uso do óleo essencial de marmeleiro na ração de frangos de corte

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of quince essential oil (QEO) as a substitute for growth and anticoccidial promoter on the performance of broilers of the Cobb 500 strain from 1 to 42 days of age. The essential oil extraction was carried out in the Biological Control Laboratory of the Federal University of Paraíba (municipality of Bananeiras, Brazil), using the hydrodistillation technique in a Clevenger apparatus. A total of 1,260 chicks were distributed in a completely randomized design with six treatments and six replications (per treatment) of thirty-five chicks. The treatments consisted of the following diets: T1 = positive control (PC) + antimicrobial, T2 = negative control (NC) - antimicrobial, and T3, T4, T5 and T6 resulted from the combination of the NC diet with QEO levels of 0.007; 0.014; 0.028 and 0.056%, respectively. EMA analysis showed there was an increasing linear effect (P<0.05) of the oil levels from 1 to 7, and 22 to 35 days of age. There was no effect from 36 to 42 days. Therefore, it is concluded that the essential oils can be used as antimicrobial agents in diets for broilers, improving their performance. At all stages (1 – 7, 1 – 21, 1 – 42 days of age), birds fed with quince essential oil had a reduction in feed intake and weight gain, from 1 to 7 and 1 to 21 days. From 1 to 42 days of age, the positive control diet had a higher weight gain mean. With regards to the feed conversion analysis, broilers fed with QEO had an improvement in comparison to the treatments tested in all stages. The optimum QEO inclusion level in diets for broilers was 0.030%. Concerning the negative control, there was an improvement in weight yield and percentage of thigh, upper thigh and wing. There was a higher yield in weight, percentage of Pectoralis major, and percentage of the breast with skin and without skin in broilers fed with QEO.Objetivou-se estudar o efeito do óleo essencial de marmeleiro (OEM) em substituição ao promotor de crescimento e anticoccidiano sobre o desempenho de frangos de corte da linhagem Cobb 500 no período de 1 a 42 dias de idade. A extração do óleo essencial foi realizada no Laboratório de Controle Biológico da UFPB - Bananeiras, através da técnica de hidrodestilação em aparelho de Clevenger. Um total de 1.260 pintos de corte foi distribuído num delineamento inteiramente casualizado com seis tratamentos, cada um com seis repetições de trinta e cinco aves. Os tratamentos consistiram das seguintes dietas: T1=controle positivo (CP) + antimicrobianos, T2=controle negativo (CN) - antimicrobianos e os T3, T4, T5 e T6 foram o resultado da combinação da dieta CN com, respectivamente, os níveis de OEM de 0,007; 0,014; 0,028 e 0,056%. Na análise de EMA observou-se que houve efeito linear (P<0,05) crescente dos níveis de óleo na fase de 1 a 7, e 22 a 35. Na fase de 36 a 42 não observou-se efeito. Concluiu-se que os óleos essenciais podem ser utilizados como antimicrobiano, na dieta de frangos de corte proporcionando um melhor desempenho. Em todas as fases (1 a 7; 1 a 21; 1 a 42 dias de idade as aves que receberam ração com óleo essencial de marmeleiro reduziram o consumo de ração e o ganho de peso de 1 a 7 e de 1 a 21 dias de idade, 1 a 42 dias de idade, a dieta controle positivo apresentou maiores médias no ganho de peso. Na analise de conversão alimentar as aves alimentadas com OEM apresentaram um melhora em comparação aos tratamentos testados na fase de em todas as fases. O nível ótimo de inclusão 0,030% do OEM na ração de frangos de corte. Em relação ao controle negativo observa-se uma melhora no rendimento do peso e percentagem de coxa, sobre coxa e asa. Foi observado um melhor rendimento no peso e em percentagem de Pectoralis major e na percentagem de peito com pele e peito sem pele das aves que receberão dietas com OEM

Prediction equations to estimate the demand of energy and crude protein for maintenance, gain and egg production for laying Japanese quails

The study was conducted to estimate requirements of energy and crude protein for maintenance, weight gain and egg production of Japanese quails in the period of 67 to 107 days of age. Two experiments were performed: one, to determine the requirements for maintenance of protein, and the other, for energy. Experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design with four dietary levels of offer and four replicates of six birds. The diets offered were: ad libitum (100%), 75%, 50%, and 25% consumption ad libitum (below maintenance). The methodology used to estimate the demand for maintenance was the comparative slaughter. For estimation of the requirement for weight gain, eight groups of 15 quails were reared separately, fed ad libitum and housed under 22 ºC controlled temperature. From these poultry, three groups were slaughtered at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 days of the trial. The requirement for egg production was obtained by taking the ratio of energy content, egg protein, efficiency of energy use and protein for egg production. Prediction equations that estimate maintenance requirement, weight gain and egg production in energy and crude protein of Japanese quail include: metabolizable energy (kcal/bird/day) = 92.34*body weight0.75 + 6.23*weight gain + 4.19*egg mass; crude protein (g/bird/day) = 6.71*body weight0.75 + 0.615*weight gain + 0.258*egg mass

Energy requirement for maintenance and gain for two genotypes of quails housed in different breeding rearing systems

This study aimed to estimate the energy requirements for maintenance and gain of Japanese and European quails under growth housed in two rearing systems: floor pens and cages. To determine maintenance requirements, two experiments were conducted with birds housed in cages in environmental chambers (experiment 1) and in floor pens at room temperature conditions (experiment 2). The experimental design was completely randomized with four levels of feed supply (100, 75, 50 and 25%) and four repetitions. Energy requirements for maintenance were estimated by the comparative slaughter method through a feeding trial. In experiment 1, 64 Japanese and European quails per treatment were housed in cages of climatic chambers at 18, 24, and 28 °C, while in experiment 2, 352 quails per treatment were housed in floor pens at room temperature (26 °C). To estimate gain requirements, five slaughters were performed with quails receiving feed ad libitum and housed under controlled temperature of 18 °C (experiment 3). Prediction equations were obtained to estimate requirements for maintenance and gain of energy for the two genotypes of quails. The room temperature and breeding system affected the estimates of energy requirements for maintenance. The genotypes presented different estimates for maintenance and gain. Prediction models should be developed considering the room temperature and quails' genotypes