Simplified sewerage to prevent urban leptospirosis transmission: a cluster non-randomised controlled trial protocol in disadvantaged urban communities of Salvador, Brazil.

INTRODUCTION: Leptospirosis is a globally distributed zoonotic and environmentally mediated disease that has emerged as a major health problem in urban slums in developing countries. Its aetiological agent is bacteria of the genus Leptospira, which are mainly spread in the urine of infected rodents, especially in an environment where adequate sanitation facilities are lacking, and it is known that open sewers are key transmission sources of the disease. Therefore, we aim to evaluate the effectiveness of a simplified sewerage intervention in reducing the risk of exposure to contaminated environments and Leptospira infection and to characterise the transmission mechanisms involved. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This matched quasi-experimental study design using non-randomised intervention and control clusters was designed to assess the effectiveness of an urban simplified sewerage intervention in the low-income communities of Salvador, Brazil. The intervention consists of household-level piped sewerage connections and community engagement and public involvement activities. A cohort of 1400 adult participants will be recruited and grouped into eight clusters consisting of four matched intervention-control pairs with approximately 175 individuals in each cluster in baseline. The primary outcome is the seroincidence of Leptospira infection assessed through five serological measurements: one preintervention (baseline) and four postintervention. As a secondary outcome, we will assess Leptospira load in soil, before and after the intervention. We will also assess Leptospira exposures before and after the intervention, through transmission modelling, accounting for residents' movement, contact with flooding, contaminated soil and water, and rat infestation, to examine whether and how routes of exposure for Leptospira change following the introduction of sanitation. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This study protocol has been reviewed and approved by the ethics boards at the Federal University of Bahia and the Brazilian National Research Ethics Committee. Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and presentations to implementers, researchers and participating communities. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry (RBR-8cjjpgm)

Music, education and curriculum: pedagogical proposals in indigenous education

Submitted by Onia Arantes Albuquerque ([email protected]) on 2019-12-27T14:12:56Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Cainã Queiroz Silva - 2019.pdf: 2601454 bytes, checksum: 100604ce83d5ccbb8b2350b61243e0e5 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira ([email protected]) on 2020-01-02T11:11:02Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Cainã Queiroz Silva - 2019.pdf: 2601454 bytes, checksum: 100604ce83d5ccbb8b2350b61243e0e5 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2020-01-02T11:11:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Cainã Queiroz Silva - 2019.pdf: 2601454 bytes, checksum: 100604ce83d5ccbb8b2350b61243e0e5 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019-02-05Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPESThe purpose of this study is reflect about new pedagogical proposals in the Licentiate for the training of indigenous teachers of the Federal University of Goiás - UFG. The Intercultural Bachelor's degrees aim to discuss teaching possibilities in which Western and non-western knowledge occupies the formal institution denominated traditionally Western school. Music emerges as a pedagogical proposal for certain indigenous peoples, such as the Krahô and Apinajé.Through the Intercultural Licentiate, teachers and professors establish dialogues between theuniversity and the community for the production of pedagogical political projects in which indigenous knowledge is inserted in the institution without being subjugated to modern science.Therefore, the present work analyzes the pedagogical possibilities and the impasses in theconstruction of an indigenous school.A proposta do presente trabalho é refletir acerca de novas propostas pedagógicas na Licenciatura para a formação de professores indígenas da Universidade Federal de Goiás – UFG. As Licenciaturas interculturais visam discutir possibilidades de ensino em que saberes ocidentais e não ocidentais ocupem a instituição formal, denominada escola tradicionalmente ocidental. A música surge enquanto proposta pedagógica para determinados povos indígenas, como os Krahô e Apinajé. Através da Licenciatura intercultural da Universidade Federal de Goiás, professoras e professores estabelecem diálogos entre a universidade e a comunidade para a produção de projetos políticos pedagógicos em que o saber indígena esteja inserido na instituição sem estar subjugado à ciência moderna. Portanto, o presente trabalho analisa as possibilidades pedagógicas e os impasses na construção de uma escola indígena