Systematic review and meta-analysis about the effects of endurance training and whey protein supplementation on gene expression of MTOR, MURF-1, MAFBX

Aim: Systematic review and meta-analysis about the effects of endurance training and Whey Protein supplementation on the gene expression of MTOR, MURF-1, MAFBX. Materials and methods: To this systematic review was used the concepts of systematic review and meta-analysis proposed by Thomas, Nelson, Silverman (2012), and Berwanger et al., (2007), and the search followed procedures proposed by Navarro and Navarro (2012), and for the criteria of evaluation of the technical and scientific quality of the texts was used the scale proposed by Galna et al., (2009). Results and discursion: From 724 eligible studies, the sample was 4 original articles where we inferred that the models of endurance training adopted in the experiments, are, the following: Jump in liquid environment, motorized treadmill, and, in squatting apparatus for electric stimulation in the base and that in terms of experimental study in relation to the dose of the supplement, the prescribed was recommended by manuals; and about the gene expression of MTOR, MURF-1, MAFBX, although had been verified it does not occurred due the endurance training and the Whey Protein supplementation and, therefore, absent. Conclusion: In terms of experimentation, it’s not found studies enough to compose the adequate procedure for a meta-analysis, even after a systematic review about the effects of endurance training and Whey Protein supplementation on the gene expression of MTOR, protein synthesis and the gene expression of MURF-1, MAFBx of protein degradation in wistar rats

Alteration of food consumption and body mass of whey proteins supplemented rats

Introduction: Whey proteins have received great attention because of their benefits on skeletal muscle hypertrophy, body fat reduction, performance, appetite regulation, immune system regulation, regulation of the lipid profile and the combat against metabolic stress. In this sense, their importance is often overestimated, leading athletes and physical activity individuals to consume very high doses of protein, without the guarantee of additional benefits.  Aim: For 12 weeks quantify the evolution of food intake and total body mass of Wistar rats supplemented with whey proteins with dosages of 2, 4, 6g/kg/day. Materials and methods: Approval protocol of the Ethics Committee on the Use of Animals of the Federal University of Maranhão nº 23115.014424 / 2015-54). An experimental research design was adopted with the rats being randomly distributed in 4 groups: Control Group (C), Supplemented groups (W2, W4, W6); the study was performed with 38 male Rattus novergicus Wistar rats with initial age of 60 days and body mass between 218 and 323 grams; supplementation with whey proteins dissolved in water followed the dosages 2, 4 and 6 g / kg / day supplementation was performed for 12 weeks, daily, three times a day, by volume of 5 ml, with an hour interval between each gavage. Variables were tested for distribution using the Shapiro-Wilk test (P> 0.05). The data of the feed consumption were analyzed by the ANOVA test; the classification variable was the interaction between feed consumption or body mass and supplementation (C, W2, W4, W6); the Tukey post-test was used to determine the statistical differences between the groups (C, W2, W4, W6), GraphPad Prism 7 software was used. Results: The mean intake of rations in the control group did not present a statistically significant difference in relation to the Whey 4 group at weeks 1 (p=0,3450), 2 (p=0,1027), 3 (p=0,1595), 4 (p=0,5572) and 5 (p=0,2539). There was a statistically significant difference in the increase of the total body mass of the control group compared to the Whey 4 group at weeks 10 (p=0,0454), 12 (p=0,0348) and at the final week (p=0,0138). Likewise, there was a significant statistical difference in the increase of the total body mass of the control group compared to the Whey group 6 in the final week (p=0,0048). In the same sense, there was a statistically significant difference in the total body mass increase of the Whey 2 group compared to the Whey 6 group in weeks 1 (p=0,0210), 2 (p=0,0434) and in the final week (p=0,0289). Discussion: Diets with high protein content play an important role in satiety due to its involvement with intestinal production of several anorectic hormones, which in turn stimulate the vagus nerve, promoting neuronal stimuli to the solitary tract nucleus, signaling satiety. As a result, the long-term ingestion of a high-protein diet reduces not only food intake, but also body mass and body adiposity in rats. Conclusion: Supplementation with serum whey proteins at doses of 4 and 6 g/kg/day in sedentary animals conferred stability over total body weight and a significant reduction in feed intake over 12 weeks. Supplementation with serum whey proteins at 2 g/kg/day in sedentary animals did not lead to a reduction in the average feed intake and showed a similar effect to the other doses on total body weight

Alteração da massa corporal e do consumo alimentar de ratos suplementados com whey proteins

Introduction: Whey proteins have received great attention because of their benefits on skeletal muscle hypertrophy, body fat reduction, performance, appetite regulation, immune system regulation, regulation of the lipid profile and the combat against metabolic stress. In this sense, their importance is often overestimated, leading athletes and physical activity individuals to consume very high doses of protein, without the guarantee of additional benefits.  Aim: For 12 weeks quantify the evolution of food intake and total body mass of Wistar rats supplemented with whey proteins with dosages of 2, 4, 6g/kg/day. Materials and methods: Approval protocol of the Ethics Committee on the Use of Animals of the Federal University of Maranhão nº 23115.014424 / 2015-54). An experimental research design was adopted with the rats being randomly distributed in 4 groups: Control Group (C), Supplemented groups (W2, W4, W6); the study was performed with 38 male Rattus novergicus Wistar rats with initial age of 60 days and body mass between 218 and 323 grams; supplementation with whey proteins dissolved in water followed the dosages 2, 4 and 6 g / kg / day supplementation was performed for 12 weeks, daily, three times a day, by volume of 5 ml, with an hour interval between each gavage. Variables were tested for distribution using the Shapiro-Wilk test (P> 0.05). The data of the feed consumption were analyzed by the ANOVA test; the classification variable was the interaction between feed consumption or body mass and supplementation (C, W2, W4, W6); the Tukey post-test was used to determine the statistical differences between the groups (C, W2, W4, W6), GraphPad Prism 7 software was used. Results: The mean intake of rations in the control group did not present a statistically significant difference in relation to the Whey 4 group at weeks 1 (p=0,3450), 2 (p=0,1027), 3 (p=0,1595), 4 (p=0,5572) and 5 (p=0,2539). There was a statistically significant difference in the increase of the total body mass of the control group compared to the Whey 4 group at weeks 10 (p=0,0454), 12 (p=0,0348) and at the final week (p=0,0138). Likewise, there was a significant statistical difference in the increase of the total body mass of the control group compared to the Whey group 6 in the final week (p=0,0048). In the same sense, there was a statistically significant difference in the total body mass increase of the Whey 2 group compared to the Whey 6 group in weeks 1 (p=0,0210), 2 (p=0,0434) and in the final week (p=0,0289). Discussion: Diets with high protein content play an important role in satiety due to its involvement with intestinal production of several anorectic hormones, which in turn stimulate the vagus nerve, promoting neuronal stimuli to the solitary tract nucleus, signaling satiety. As a result, the long-term ingestion of a high-protein diet reduces not only food intake, but also body mass and body adiposity in rats. Conclusion: Supplementation with serum whey proteins at doses of 4 and 6 g/kg/day in sedentary animals conferred stability over total body weight and a significant reduction in feed intake over 12 weeks. Supplementation with serum whey proteins at 2 g/kg/day in sedentary animals did not lead to a reduction in the average feed intake and showed a similar effect to the other doses on total body weight.Introdução: As whey proteins tem recebido grande atenção por conta de seus benefícios sobre a hipertrofia muscular esquelética, redução de gordura corporal, performance, regulação do apetite, regulação do sistema imunológico, regulação do perfil lipídico e combate ao estresse metabólico. Diante disso, a sua importância muitas vezes é superestimada, levando atletas e indivíduos praticantes de atividades físicas a consumirem doses muito elevadas de proteínas, sem a garantia de benefícios adicionais. Objetivo: Quantificar durante 12 semanas a alteração do consumo de ração e da massa corporal total de ratos wistar suplementados por whey proteins nas doses de 2, 4, 6g/kg/dia. Materiais e Métodos: Protocolo de aprovação da Comissão de Ética no Uso de Animais da Universidade Federal do Maranhão nº 23115.014424/2015-54). Foi adotado delineamento de pesquisa experimental com os ratos sendo distribuídos aleatoriamente em 4 grupos: Grupo Controle (C), Grupos suplementados (W2, W4, W6); o estudo foi realizado com 38 Rattus novergicus machos da linhagem Wistar com idade inicial de 60 dias e massa corporal entre 218 e 323 gramas; a suplementação com whey proteins dissolvidas em água seguiu as dosagens 2, 4 e 6 g/kg/dia a suplementação foi realizada durante 12 semanas, diariamente, três vezes por dia, em volume de 5ml, com uma hora de intervalo entre cada gavagem. As variáveis ​​foram testadas quanto à distribuição utilizando o teste de Shapiro-Wilk (p>0,05). Os dados do consumo de ração, foram analisados pelo teste ANOVA; a variável de classificação foi a interação entre o consumo de ração ou massa corporal e a suplementação (C, W2, W4, W6); o pós-teste de Tukey foi utilizado para determinar as diferenças estatísticas entre os grupos (C, W2, W4, W6), utilizou-se o software GraphPad Prism 7. Resultados: A média de consumo de ração no grupo controle não apresentou diferença estatística significativa em relação ao grupo Whey 4 nas semanas 1 (p=0,3450), 2 (p=0,1027), 3 (p=0,1595), 4 (p=0,5572) e 5 (p=0,2539). Houve diferença estatística significativa no aumento da massa corporal total do grupo controle em comparação ao grupo Whey 4 nas semanas 10 (p=0,0454), 12 (p=0,0348) e na semana final (p=0,0138). Do mesmo modo, houve diferença estatística significativa no aumento da massa corporal total do grupo controle em comparação ao grupo Whey 6 na semana final (p=0,0048). Nesse mesmo sentido, houve diferença estatística significativa no aumento massa corporal total do grupo Whey 2 em comparação ao grupo Whey 6 nas semanas 1 (p=0,0210), 2 (p=0,0434) e na semana final (p=0,0289). Discussão: Dietas com altos teores de proteínas desempenham um papel importante no surgimento da saciedade em função do seu envolvimento com a produção a nível intestinal de diversos hormônios anorexígenos que por sua vez estimulam o nervo vago, promovendo estímulos neuronais para o núcleo trato solitário, sinalizando saciedade. Em função disso, a ingestão a longo prazo de uma dieta rica em proteínas diminui não só a ingestão de alimentos, mas também a massa corporal e a adiposidade corporal em ratos. Conclusão: A suplementação com as proteínas do soro do leite nas doses de 4 e 6g/kg/dia em ratos sedentários conferiram estabilidade em relação a massa corporal total e redução significativa do consumo de ração ao longo de 12 semanas. A suplementação com as proteínas do soro do leite na dose de 2g/kg/dia em ratos sedentários não promoveu redução no consumo médio de ração e apresentou efeito semelhante as demais doses sobre a massa corporal total

Perfil alimentar de atletas de futsal nas categorias sub-13, sub-15 e sub-17

ABSTRACT Futsal athletes food profile in sub-13, sub-15 and sub-17 categoriesObjective: To identify the profile of food consumption of macronutrients in indoor soccer players in Sub-13 categories, Sub-15 and Sub-17. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive study, conducted with 46 male athletes with a minimum height of 1,36m and maximum 178 cm, minimum weight 32,00kg and maximum 62,55kg, in sub categories 13 (n = 12), 15 (n = 21), 17 (n = 14). The study was based on documentary analysis of the project. usual food recall was used to investigate the pattern of consumption of the athletes, this usual food recall recorded the types of food and the quantity, in household measures, consumed the last 24 hours by the athlete. Data were analyzed by Avanutri® program and compared to the recommendations. Data collection was carried out before the team training, the usual food recall was applied individually. Statistical analysis Descriptive. Results and Discussion: The protein intake the Sub-13 was 15.85%, the Sub-15 was 15.48% and the Sub-17 was 15,41%. The average consumption of carbohydrates the Sub-13 was 57.54%, the Sub-15 was 62.33% and the Sub-17 was 59.37. The average consumption of Lipids Sub-13 was 25.92%, the Sub-15 was 20.04% and the Sub-17 was 23.04%. Conclusion: Thus we can conclude that the present food consumption in athletes of the Sub-13 categories, Sub-15 and Sub-17 are at odds with the nutritional recommendations. In this sense it is likely to have these athletes losses in performance.Objetivo: identificar o perfil de consumo alimentar de macronutrientes em atletas de futsal nas categorias Sub-13, Sub-15 e Sub-17. Materiais e Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal e descritivo, realizado com 46 atletas do sexo masculino, com estatura mínima de 1,36m e máxima de 1,78m, com peso mínimo de 32,00kg e máximo 62,55kg, nas categorias sub 13 (n=12), 15 (n=21), 17 (n=14). O estudo foi baseado em análise documental do projeto. Foi aplicado o recordatório alimentar habitual para investigar o padrão de consumo dos atletas, esse recordatório registrou os tipos de alimentos e a quantidade, em medidas caseiras, consumida nas últimas 24 horas pelo atleta. Os dados foram analisados pelo programa Avanutri® e comparados às recomendações. A coleta de dados foi realizada antes dos treinos da equipe, o recordatório foi aplicado individualmente. A análise estatística foi a descritiva. Resultados e Discussão: O consumo médio de proteína do Sub-13 foi de 15,85%, do Sub-15 foi de 15,48% e do Sub-17 foi de 15,41%. O consumo médio de Carboidratos do Sub-13 foi de 57,54%, do Sub-15 foi de 62,33% e do Sub-17 foi de 59,37. O consumo médio de Lipídios do Sub-13 foi de 25,92%, do Sub-15 foi de 20,04% e do Sub-17 foi de 23,04%. Conclusão: Desta maneira podemos concluir que o consumo alimentar presente nos atletas das categorias Sub-13, Sub-15 e Sub-17 encontram-se em desacordo com as recomendações nutricionais. Nesse sentido é provável que tenham esses atletas prejuízos no desempenho.