Role of MEK/ERK and PI3K/Akt signalling cascades and Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus K1 protein during the progression of the viral lytic replication cycle

[no abstract

Hyperfine dependent atom-molecule loss analyzed by the analytic solution of few-body loss equations

We prepare mixtures of ultracold $^{39}$K atoms in various hyperfine spin states and $^{23}$Na$^{39}$K molecules in an optical dipole trap at a fixed magnetic field and study inelastic two-body atom-molecule collisions. We observe atom-molecule losses that are hyperfine dependent with a two-body loss rate far below the universal limit. We analyze the two-body loss dynamics based on the derivation of general and easy applicable analytic solutions for the differential equations describing the loss of an arbitrary number $\gamma$ of particles in a single collisional event

Sensory Augmentation for the Blind

Common navigational aids used by blind travelers during large-scale navigation divert attention away from important cues of the immediate environment (i.e., approaching vehicles). Sensory augmentation devices, relying on principles similar to those at work in sensory substitution, can potentially bypass the bottleneck of attention through sub-cognitive implementation of a set of rules coupling motor actions with sensory stimulation. We provide a late blind subject with a vibrotactile belt that continually signals the direction of magnetic north. The subject completed a set of behavioral tests before and after an extended training period. The tests were complemented by questionnaires and interviews. This newly supplied information improved performance on different time scales. In a pointing task we demonstrate an instant improvement of performance based on the signal provided by the device. Furthermore, the signal was helpful in relevant daily tasks, often complicated for the blind, such as keeping a direction over longer distances or taking shortcuts in familiar environments. A homing task with an additional attentional load demonstrated a significant improvement after training. The subject found the directional information highly expedient for the adjustment of his inner maps of familiar environments and describes an increase in his feeling of security when exploring unfamiliar environments with the belt. The results give evidence for a firm integration of the newly supplied signals into the behavior of this late blind subject with better navigational performance and more courageous behavior in unfamiliar environments. Most importantly, the complementary information provided by the belt lead to a positive emotional impact with enhanced feeling of security. The present experimental approach demonstrates the positive potential of sensory augmentation devices for the help of handicapped people

Versatile electric fields for the manipulation of ultracold NaK molecules

In this paper, we present an electrode geometry for the manipulation of ultracold, rovibrational ground state NaK molecules. The electrode system allows to induce a dipole moment in trapped diatomic NaK molecules with a magnitude up to 68% of their internal dipole moment along any direction in a given two-dimensional plane. The strength, the sign and the direction of the induced dipole moment is therefore fully tunable. The maximal relative variation of the electric field over the trapping volume is below 10-6. At the desired electric field value of 10 kV cm-1 this corresponds to a deviation of 0.01 V cm-1. Furthermore, the possibility to create strong electric field gradients provides the opportunity to address molecules in single layers of an optical lattice. The electrode structure is made of transparent indium tin oxide and combines large optical access for sophisticated optical dipole traps and optical lattice configurations with the possibility to create versatile electric field configurations.Centre for Quantum Engineering and Space-Time Research QUESTERC Starting Grant POLARDFG/GRK/1729DFG/GRK/199

Zugang ist nicht gleich Zugang - Verläufe, Bedingungen und Ebenen des Feldzugangs in ethnografischen Forschungen

In empirical social research, access to the field is regarded as an important step in the research process and, in ethnographical research, a crucial challenge. Typically, questions and answers about access remain so general that there are few standards in place. In the contribution at hand, questions concerning access to the field are analyzed in a more differentiated manner on the basis of data from an ethnographical study on adolescent peer groups, thereby centering on various characteristics and problems of these groups. In doing so, it can be shown that access to a research field has to be ensured throughout the duration of the study and that its organization reflects the participants and the status of the researcher, e.g. as participating observer or observing participant. In addition, there are different dimensions of access to be differentiated that contribute to generate information.Der Feldzugang gilt in der empirischen Sozialforschung als wichtiger Schritt im Forschungsprozess und wird vor allem in der ethnografischen Forschung als eine zentrale Herausforderung angesehen. In der Regel werden die damit verbundenen Fragen lediglich allgemein diskutiert, sodass man den verschiedenen Aspekten des Zugangs kaum gerecht wird. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden Fragen des Feldzugangs auf der Grundlage des Datenmaterials einer ethnografischen Untersuchung zu jugendlichen Peergroups differenzierter untersucht. Dabei kann gezeigt werden, dass der Zugang zu einem Forschungsfeld im gesamten Erhebungsprozess immer wieder gewährleistet werden muss und dass er sich je nach beteiligten Akteur*innen und in Abhängigkeit vom Status der Forschenden unterschiedlich gestaltet. Zudem lassen sich verschiedene Dimensionen des Zugangs unterscheiden, die jeweils dazu beitragen, Informationen generieren zu können