Factors Associated with Attitudes of Men towards Gender and Intimate Partner Violence Against Women in Eastern Ethiopia: A Multinomial Logistic Regression Analysis

Intimate partner violence against women can occur between people in an intimate relationship mostly in gender inequitable society. The attitudes of men towards gender and violence against women is receiving increasing attention. Thus, this study was aimed at determining the attitudes and experiences of men towards gender and violence against women in Boset Wereda, East Ethiopia. A cross-sectional population based household survey was conducted between April, 1 and May, 15, 2015 using quantitative data collection method. Systematic random sampling was used to select a sample of 420 ever partnered men. The collected data was principally analyzed using Multinomial Logistic Regression by SPSS version 21. Overall, childhood experience for any form of violence was witnessed by 87.6% of men. The vast majorities (98.8%) of men ever perpetrated any form of violence against their wife. Almost all (99.1%) men agreed to at least one of the gender inequitable statements and few (1.0%) agreed to non of the gender inequitable statement. Higher age of men (RRR, 2.56; 95%CI,1.39-4.71 and RRR, 2.09; 95%CI, 1.18-3.71), higher income (RRR 2.63; 95%CI, 1.00-6.93), witnessing childhood sexual violence (RRR, 3.03; 95%CI, 1.32-6.96 and RRR, 3.14; 95%CI, 1.45-6.82), and ever perpetrated physical intimate partner violence (RRR, 1.60; 95%CI, 1.21-7.01 and RRR, 1.56; 95%CI, 1.12-19.79 were associated with gender equitable men in both first and second fertiles. High prevalence of witnessing childhood violence and ever perpetration of any form of violence against wife/partners were observed. Nearly all of the men agreed to at least one of the gender inequitable statements. Higher age and higher income, witnessing sexual violence during childhood and ever perpetrated physical violence against their wife increases the risk of having lower gender equitable men. Interventions targeting parents or guardians should be instituted, and education should target to shape children during their earl

Prevalence of Wasting and Its Associated Factors of Children among 6-59 Months Age in Guto Gida District, Oromia Regional state, Ethiopia.

Background: Nutrition is central pillar of human life and its request differ with respect to age, gender and during physiological changes such as complimentary feeding and child age. Ethiopia has a high prevalence of Acute and Chronic Malnutrition, with almost half of Ethiopian children chronically malnourished and one-in-ten children wasted. About 47% of children under-five are stunted, 11% are wasted and 38% are underweight. Acute malnutrition also known as wasting, it is characterized by a rapid deterioration in nutritional status over a short period. For children, it can be measured using the weight-for-height nutritional index or mid-upper arm circumference. There are different levels of severity of acute malnutrition: moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) and severe acute malnutrition (SAM). The recommended a revision of cut-off points to determine wasting are the following: SAM: MUAC < 110 mm for Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM), Moderate Acute Malnutrition (MAM): MUAC > 115 and < 125 mm Cut-Off Value Normal ?125 mm. A cross- sectional descriptive survey and measurements of MUAC was used to investigate Prevalence of wasting and Its Associated Factors among Children 6-59 Months of Age in Guto Gida District, Oromia, Ethiopia. Multistage random sampling technique was used and 359 children between 6-59 months aged were selected from 398 enrolled children to the study.  The quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS for windows version (17.0) and EPI-6. Both bivairate and multiple logistic regressions were run to assess factors that were associated with the dependent variable at p< 0.05 and to control the confounders. Objective: To determine the Prevalence of Wasting and Its Associated Factors Among 6-59 Months Age in Guto Gida District, Oromia, Ethiopia. Method: A cross-sectional survey design was used to assess the Prevalence of Wasting and Its Associated Factors Among 6-59 Months Age in Guto Gida District, Oromia, Ethiopia from March to June 2013. Results: During the study period, 398 children were enrolled and about 359 children were included in the final analysis. Associate factors taken to analyze wasting were Socio-economic status, Housing quality, Water quality, Children Healthy condition, Child characteristics, Maternal Caring and characteristics and Dietary history of child and mother. There was significant relationship between Socio-economic status, House and Water quality, Children Healthy condition, Child and caregivers characteristics, Maternal Care, dietary history of child and mother, household food intake, and public healthy practice and dependent one. Both biviarate and multivariate logistic analysis indicated that low birth weight, lack of balanced diet as of food pyramid and housing quality, water quality are some associate factors of wasting, stunting, and underweight. With respect to age categories the study result shows 11.14% wasting for among 24-59months age and children 6-23months were 12.53% were wasted .About 27.5 % of children were severe stunted, 41.78% less than 65% median for height meaning that stunted children, the proportions of severely underweight and underweight children in this study area were 28.7% and 39.6%  respectively. Conclusion: Depending on facts of the study, it can be concluded that; child wasting (acute   mal nutrition) problem is highly observed in Guto Gida District. When out puts of the result compare to that of standard the prevalence’s of wasting in the study area was the same but slightly excised EDHS, 2011 report. It can be concluded professional that most households in the study area were illiterate, had low income, consumed cereals and crops, had not get quality water, had low nutritional information, majority of children did not taken Rota viral vaccine(de-worming activities). Therefore, it is a time to tickle child undernourishment, which is a silent killer of the community. Keywords: Prevalence, Wasting, associated factors, MUAC and Guto Gida District

Assessment of Adult Nutritional Status and Associated Factors among ART Users in Nekemte Referral Hospital and Health Center, East Wollega Zone, Ethiopia

Malnutrition, especially under nutrition is the main problem that is seen over People Living With HIV/AIDS. This is because of body’s less ability to absorb nutrients and reduced food intake which results from appetite loss and eating difficulty, possibly as a result of side effects of medication and infections. Nutritional status is a key determinant of the outcomes of Anti Retroviral Therapy. This study will therefore, provide important information on nutritional status and related factors for health workers in the health facilities and for all concerned bodies. The aim of this study is to assess nutritional status and associated risk factors of patients living with HIV/AIDS following Anti Retro viral Therapy at Nekemte Referral Hospital and Nekemte health center. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted from January 15, 2013 to March, 2013 in Nekemte Referral Hospital and health center. A total of 423 ART users are selected by systematic random sampling technique from all adult ART clients will be included in the study area. The data will be collected by one physician, three nurses, two Health Officers and three data clerks. Clinical assessments, measurements of height and weight and structured questionnaire based interview will be used for data collection after the proper consent and ethical clearance. In this study the prevalence of malnutrition in HIV/AIDS clients who attend ART was (27%). Both HIV/AIDS and malnutrition independently cause progressive damage to the immune system and increased susceptibility to infection. ART interruption and presence of opportunistic infection (tuberculosis) were significantly associated with nutritional statuses of the adults on the ART in Nekemte referral hospital and Nekemte health center. In Nekemte Referral Hospital and Nekemte Health center clients are malnourished due to the associated factors such as presence of opportunistic infection that is tuberculosis. From 19 clients that have TB (75.9%) of them are mal nourished and interrupting treatment was seen to contribute to malnutrition for the respondents. Awareness creation should be made for not to interrupt ART since effective treatment with ART reduces the chance of progression to active TB. Keywords:Adult; Nutritional status; ART; Nekemte Referral Hospital and Health Center; Associated Factor

Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Sexual Coercion on Young Females in Nekemte Town, West Ethiopia

No abstract - Available on PD

Performance of QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus for detection of latent tuberculosis infection in pregnant women living in a tuberculosis- and HIV-endemic setting

<div><p>We evaluated the performance of QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus (QFT-Plus), which includes two <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> antigen formulations (TB1 and TB2), for detection of latent tuberculosis infection during pregnancy. Eight-hundred-twenty-nine Ethiopian pregnant women (5.9% HIV-positive) were tested with QFT-Plus, with bacteriological sputum analysis performed for women with clinically suspected tuberculosis and HIV-positive women irrespective of clinical presentation. QFT-Plus read-out was categorized according to the conventional cut-off (0.35 IU/ml) for both antigen formulations. In addition, we analysed the distribution of QFT-Plus results within a borderline zone (0.20–0.70 IU/ml), and interferon-γ response in relation to HIV infection and gestational age. Two-hundred-seventy-seven women (33%) were QFT-Plus-positive (HIV-positive 16/49 [33%]; HIV-negative 261/780 [33%]). There was a strong agreement between the two antigen formulations (κ = 0.92), with discordant results in 29 cases (3.5%). Whereas discordant QFT-Plus results were rare in pregnancy, several results with both TB1 and TB2 within the borderline range were observed (11/49 [22%] vs. 43/780 [5.5%] in HIV-positive and HIV-negative women, respectively; p<0.0001). HIV-positive women had lower absolute interferon-γ levels (TB1: 0.47 vs. 2.16 IU/ml; p<0.001, TB2: 0.49 vs. 2.24 IU/ml, p<0.001, considering results ≥0.20 IU/ml) compared to HIV-negative women. QFT-Plus-positive women who submitted samples at later stages of pregnancy had lower mitogen- (p<0.001) but higher TB-antigen-specific (p = 0.031 for TB1, p = 0.061 for TB2) interferon-γ response. Considering their lower capacity to produce TB-specific interferon-γ, a lower cut-off level for defining QFT-Plus-positivity may be considered in HIV-positive pregnant women.</p></div

Association of TB1 and TB2 IFN-γ-levels.

<p>Scatter-plot of IFN-γ concentrations in TB1 and TB2 divided by HIV serostatus.</p

Distribution of 780 HIV-negative women with respect to the conventional cut off 0.35 IU/ml and a borderline range (0.20–0.70 IU/ml) in TB1 and TB2.

<p>Distribution of 780 HIV-negative women with respect to the conventional cut off 0.35 IU/ml and a borderline range (0.20–0.70 IU/ml) in TB1 and TB2.</p

Study participant characteristics categorized by HIV serostatus.

<p>Study participant characteristics categorized by HIV serostatus.</p