Migraine: association with personality characteristics and psychopathology

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/72438/1/j.1468-2982.1995.1505358.x.pd

On the density of periodic configurations in strongly irreducible subshifts

Let $G$ be a residually finite group and let $A$ be a finite set. We prove that if $X \subset A^G$ is a strongly irreducible subshift of finite type containing a periodic configuration then periodic configurations are dense in $X$. The density of periodic configurations implies in particular that every injective endomorphism of $X$ is surjective and that the group of automorphisms of $X$ is residually finite. We also introduce a class of subshifts $X \subset A^\Z$, including all strongly irreducible subshifts and all irreducible sofic subshifts, in which periodic configurations are dense

The effects of paclobutrazol and uniconazol on red clover seed production

Excessive growth by red clover, Trifolium pratense L., grown for seed interferes with maximum seed production and harvest in Oregon's Willamette Valley. This study was conducted during 1986 and 1987 on red clover cv. Kenland to determine if plant height and dry matter production could be inhibited and seed yields improved with the plant growth regulators (PGRs) uniconazol (XE-1019) and paclobutrazol (Parlay). The effects of different soil-applied and foliar-applied PGRs and application rates on plant height, crop biomass, and yield components of red clover were measured at Corvallis, OR on Woodburn silt-loam (fine-silty mixed mesic Aquultic Argixerolls) soil. Soil-applied PGRs were also managed under single and multiple irrigation regimes in 1986. Under a single irrigation regime in 1986, canopy height was reduced by 32% when XE-1019 was applied at 1.12 kg ai/ha and was reduced by 13% when Parlay was applied at 1.68 kg ai/ha. Averaged over the two-year period, straw yield was reduced 40% with XE-1019 (1.12 kg ai/ha) and by 12% with Parlay (1.68 kg ai/ha). Seed yield was increased by 11% with the lower XE-1019 rate (0.14 kg ai/ha) and was increased by 14% with the higher Parlay rate (1.68 kg ai/ha). Soil-applied PGR treatments reduced canopy height by 25% with XE-1019 (1.12 kg ai/ha) and was reduced by 11% with Parlay (1.68 kg ai/ha) under multiple irrigation in 1986. Straw yield was reduced by 30% with XE-1019 (0.84 kg ai/ha), but Parlay had no effect on straw yield. In addition, seed yield was increased by 8% with XE-1019 (0.56 kg ai/ha) and by 18% with Parlay (1.68 kg ai/ha). Foliar-applied XE-1019 (1.12 kg ai/ha) reduced canopy height by 13% in 1986 and by 25% in 1987, whereas foliar-applied Parlay (1.12 kg ai/ha) reduced canopy height by 9% in 1986 and by 19% in 1987. In 1986, seed yield increases averaged 16% across all 3CE-1019 treatments (0.07 to 1.12 kg ai/ha) and was increased an average of 21% across all Parlay treatments (0.28 to 1.68 kg ai/ha). However, 1987 was drier and warmer than 1986, consequently, foliar-applied XE-1019 reduced seed yields by an average of 23% and Parlay reduced seed yields by an average of 21%. Total dry weight and straw weight were unaffected by foliar-applied PGR treatment in both years. Use of XE-1019 and Parlay in field crop production has the potential to reduce dry matter production and improve seed recovery, but results vary from year to year. These PGRs have the potential to improve seed yields and may be effective in improving harvest conditions by reducing vegetative biomass

Generalized Gravi-Electromagnetism

A self consistant and manifestly covariant theory for the dynamics of four charges (masses) (namely electric, magnetic, gravitational, Heavisidian) has been developed in simple, compact and consistent manner. Starting with an invariant Lagrangian density and its quaternionic representation, we have obtained the consistent field equation for the dynamics of four charges. It has been shown that the present reformulation reproduces the dynamics of individual charges (masses) in the absence of other charge (masses) as well as the generalized theory of dyons (gravito - dyons) in the absence gravito - dyons (dyons). key words: dyons, gravito - dyons, quaternion PACS NO: 14.80H

Ketamine for Refractory Headache: A Retrospective Analysis.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The burden of chronic headache disorders in the United States is substantial. Some patients are treatment refractory. Ketamine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist, provides potent analgesia in subanesthetic doses in chronic pain, and limited data suggest it may alleviate headache in some patients. METHODS: We performed a retrospective study of 61 patients admitted over 3 years for 5 days of intravenous therapy that included continuous ketamine to determine responder rate and patient and ketamine infusion characteristics. Pain ratings at 2 follow-up visits were recorded. An immediate responder was a patient with decrease of 2 points or greater in the numerical rating scale (0-10) from start to final pain in the hospital. Sustained response at office visits 1 and 2 was determined based on maintaining the 2-point improvement at those visits. Patients were assessed daily for pain and adverse events (AEs). RESULTS: Forty-eight (77%) of the 61 patients were immediate responders. There were no differences regarding demographics, opioid use, or fibromyalgia between immediate responders and nonresponders. Maximum improvement occurred 4.56 days (mean) into treatment. Sustained response occurred in 40% of patients at visit 1 (mean, 38.1 days) and 39% of patients at visit 2 (mean, 101.3 days). The mean maximum ketamine rate was 65.2 ± 2.8 mg/h (0.76 mg/kg per hour). Ketamine rates did not differ between groups. Adverse events occurred equally in responders and nonresponders and were mild. CONCLUSIONS: Ketamine was associated with short-term analgesia in many refractory headache patients with tolerable adverse events. A prospective study is warranted to confirm this and elucidate responder characteristics

Erenumab in chronic migraine: Patient-reported outcomes in a randomized double-blind study.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of erenumab, a human monoclonal antibody targeting the calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor, on health-related quality of life (HRQoL), headache impact, and disability in patients with chronic migraine (CM). METHODS: In this double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 667 adults with CM were randomized (3:2:2) to placebo or erenumab (70 or 140 mg monthly). Exploratory endpoints included migraine-specific HRQoL (Migraine-Specific Quality-of-Life Questionnaire [MSQ]), headache impact (Headache Impact Test-6 [HIT-6]), migraine-related disability (Migraine Disability Assessment [MIDAS] test), and pain interference (Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System [PROMIS] Pain Interference Scale short form 6b). RESULTS: Improvements were observed for all endpoints in both erenumab groups at month 3, with greater changes relative to placebo observed at month 1 for many outcomes. All 3 MSQ domains were improved from baseline with treatment differences for both doses exceeding minimally important differences established for MSQ-role function-restrictive (≥3.2) and MSQ-emotional functioning (≥7.5) and for MSQ-role function-preventive (≥4.5) for erenumab 140 mg. Changes from baseline in HIT-6 scores at month 3 were -5.6 for both doses vs -3.1 for placebo. MIDAS scores at month 3 improved by -19.4 days for 70 mg and -19.8 days for 140 mg vs -7.5 days for placebo. Individual-level minimally important difference was achieved by larger proportions of erenumab-treated participants than placebo for all MSQ domains and HIT-6. Lower proportions of erenumab-treated participants had MIDAS scores of severe (≥21) or very severe (≥41) or PROMIS scores ≥60 at month 3. CONCLUSIONS: Erenumab-treated patients with CM experienced clinically relevant improvements across a broad range of patient-reported outcomes. CLINICALTRIALSGOV IDENTIFIER: NCT02066415. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE: This study provides Class II evidence that for patients with CM, erenumab treatment improves HRQoL, headache impact, and disability

Key stages in mammary gland development: The mammary end bud as a motile organ

In the rodent, epithelial end buds define the tips of elongating mammary ducts. These highly motile structures undergo repeated dichotomous branching as they aggressively advance through fatty stroma and, turning to avoid other ducts, they finally cease growth leaving behind the open, tree-like framework on which secretory alveoli develop during pregnancy. This review identifies the motility of end buds as a unique developmental marker that represents the successful integration of systemic and local mammotrophic influences, and covers relevant advances in ductal growth regulation, extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, and cell adhesion in the inner end bud. An unexpected growth-promoting synergy between insulin-like growth factor-1 and progesterone, in which ducts elongate without forming new end buds, is described as well as evidence strongly supporting self-inhibition of ductal elongation by end-bud-secreted transforming growth factor-β acting on stromal targets. The influence of the matrix metalloproteinase ECM-remodeling enzymes, notably matrix metalloproteinase-2, on end bud growth is discussed in the broader context of enzymes that regulate the polysaccharide-rich glycosaminoglycan elements of the ECM. Finally, a critical, motility-enabling role for the cellular architecture of the end bud is identified and the contribution of cadherins, the netrin/neogenin system, and ErbB2 to the structure and motility of end buds is discussed

The migraine postdrome:An electronic diary study

OBJECTIVE: To report migraine postdrome symptoms in patients who report nonheadache symptoms as part of their attacks. METHODS: A prospective daily electronic diary study was conducted over 3 months in 120 patients with migraine. Nonheadache symptoms before, during, and after headache were collected on a daily basis. Visual analogue scales were used to capture the overall level of functioning and the severity of the headache. The postdrome was defined as the time from resolution of troublesome headache to return to normal. RESULTS: Of 120 evaluable patients, 97 (81%) reported at least one nonheadache symptom in the postdrome. Postdrome symptoms, in order of frequency, included feeling tired/weary and having difficulty concentrating and stiff neck. Many patients also reported a mild residual head discomfort. In most attacks (93%), there was return to normal within 24 hours after spontaneous pain resolved. There was no relationship between medication taken for the headache and the duration of the postdrome. The severity of the migraine was not associated with the duration of the postdrome. Overall state of health scores remained low during the postdrome. CONCLUSION: Nonheadache symptoms in the postdrome were common and may contribute to the distress and disability in the patients studied. Postdrome symptoms merit larger observational studies and careful recording in clinical trials of acute and preventive migraine treatments

65 Years of Reprocessed GLDAS Version 2.0 Data and Their Exploration Using the NASA GES DISC Giovanni

GLDAS-2.0 data have been reprocessed with updated Princeton meteorological forcing data within the Land Information System (LIS) Version 7, and temporal coverage have been extended to 1948-2012.Global Land Data Assimilation System Version 2 (GLDAS-2) has two components: GLDAS-2.0: entirely forced with the Princeton meteorological forcing data GLDAS-2.1: forced with atmospheric analysis and observation-based data after 2001In order to create more climatologically consistent data sets, NASA GSFC's Hydrological Sciences Laboratory (HSL) has recently reprocessed the GLDAS-2.0, by using updated Princeton meteorological forcing data within the LIS Version 7.GLDAS-2.0 data and data services are provided at NASA GES DISC Hydrology Data and Information Services Center (HDISC), in collaboration with HSL